The Convention calls on Parties to promote and cooperate in research, systematic observation and the development of data archives, including through exchange of information; supporting and developing programmes, networks and organizations; and taking into account the needs and concerns, and building the capacity, of developing countries  (Articles 4.1(g) and 5). Parties reported on research and systematic observation to the secretariat via their National Communications.

The Paris Agreement preamble recognizes the need for an effective and progressive response to the urgent threat of climate change on the basis of the best available scientific knowledge. Action under the agreement should be carried out in accordance with best available science (Articles 4, 7 and 14). The Agreement identifies the need to enhance and strengthen systematic observation, climate services and knowledge sharing (Article 7) and that systematic observation and early warning systems are areas of cooperation and facilitation to enhance understanding, action and support (Article 8).

Negotiations on research and systematic observation are considered under SBSTA, with research usually considered at the first sessional period of the year and systematic observation at the second sessional period. A compilation of decisions and conclusions related to research and systematic observation under the UNFCCC process is available here including an informal compilation of mandates on research. Additional information on the chronology of RSO up to 2024 can be accessed here.

An easy-access compilation of all previous decisions and conclusions up to SBSTA 60 is available on research and systematic observation.