Global goal on adaptation

Article 7 of the 2015 Paris Agreement established the global goal on adaptation, which aims to enhance adaptive capacity, strengthen resilience, and reduce vulnerability to climate change, with a view to contributing to sustainable development and ensuring an adequate adaptation response in the context of the temperature goal referred to in Article 2.

The UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience

Following a two-year process, the Glasgow–Sharm el-Sheikh work programme, at CMA 5 (2023) Parties adopted the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience under, as part of the UAE Consensus. The framework includes a range of thematic and dimensional targets for climate adaptation and resilience.

Belém Adaptation Indicators

CMA 5 also established the two-year UAE–Belém work programme on indicators for measuring progress towards the targets outlined in the framework. Following an expert-led process, at CMA 7 (2025) Parties adopted a set of 59 Belém Adaptation Indicators, reporting on which will serve as an input to the global stocktake.

Belém–Addis Vision on Adaptation

CMA 7 also established the Belém–Addis Vision on Adaptation, comprising a two-year policy alignment process that will progress alongside further technical work on metadata and methodologies for the indicators, undertaken by the Subsidiary Bodies.

The Baku Adaptation Roadmap

At CMA 6 (2024), Parties launched the Baku Adaptation Roadmap (BAR) with the aim of advancing progress in line with Article 7, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement. CMA 7 decided that two workshops per year will be held under the BAR and requested the secretariat to prepare a technical paper. The topics of these workshops are informed by submissions from Parties.

CMA 6 also established the Baku High-Level Dialogue, an annual event held in the margins of CMA sessions and co-organized by the current and outgoing COP Presidencies.

9(a) Water and sanitation

Significantly reducing climate-induced water scarcity and enhancing climate resilience to water-related hazards towards a climate-resilient water supply, climate-resilient sanitation and access to safe and affordable potable water for all

9a(a)	Level of water stress, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable, accounting for relevant climate hazard intensity and/or frequency
9a(b)	Level of water-use efficiency, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9a(c)	Proportion of critical water and sanitation infrastructure systems that are resilient to climate-related hazards under different warming scenarios, as appropriate for regions and contexts, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9a(d)	Proportion of the total area of basins and cryosphere for which a climate adaptation plan has been developed and implemented on the basis of different warming scenarios, as appropriate for regions and contexts where applicable
9a(e)	Proportion of the population using safe and affordable potable water services that are climate-resilient, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9a(f)	Proportion of the population using sanitation services that are safely managed and climate-resilient, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9a(g)	Extent of measures taken to improve and extend water, sanitation and hygiene services to populations disproportionately affected by climate change and to vulnerable groups relative to needs
9a(h)	Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality for drinking water supply, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9a(i)	Number of people per 100,000 supported in planned relocation processes in response to water-related hazards, where adaptation measures were taken to ensure safety of populations

9(b) Food, agriculture and nutrition

Attaining climate-resilient food and agricultural production and supply and distribution of food, as well as increasing sustainable and regenerative production and equitable access to adequate food and nutrition for all

9b(a)	Proportion of area under management for food and agricultural production utilizing practices and technologies relevant to climate change adaptation
9b(b)	Extent of implementation of institutional frameworks for knowledge transfer, research and development, and extension services supporting climate change adaptation in the areas of food and agriculture relative to needs
9b(c)	Level of degraded areas that are under management for food and agricultural production, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9b(d)	Level of food and agricultural yield in areas that are under management for food and agricultural production, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9b(e)	Proportion of the population with equitable access to adequate food and nutrition, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable

9(c) Health

Attaining resilience against climate change related health impacts, promoting climate-resilient health services and significantly reducing climate-related morbidity and mortality, particularly in the most vulnerable communities

9c(a)	Rate of mortality associated with climate impacts compared with counterfactual rates, including as an outcome of adaptation actions or coverage of early warning systems where applicable
9c(b)	Level of incidence of climate-sensitive infectious diseases, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9c(c)	Rate of morbidity associated with climate impacts compared with counterfactual rates, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9c(d)	Proportion of the population vulnerable to climate change with access to mental health and psychosocial support
9c(e)	Extent to which climate health services have remained at full capacity during and following climate-related events relative to pre-event service capacity
9c(f)	Percentage of health facilities that are resilient to climate-related hazards under different warming scenarios, as appropriate for regions and contexts, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9c(g)	Coverage of essential health services that are supported by adaptation measures to ensure continuity during and following climate-related events
9c(h)	Proportion of health practitioners who have received capacity-building support pertaining to climate change adaptation and health

9(d) Ecosystems and biodiversity

Reducing climate impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity, and accelerating the use of ecosystem-based adaptation and nature-based solutions, including through their management, enhancement, restoration and conservation and the protection of terrestrial, inland water, mountain, marine and coastal ecosystems

9d(a)	Proportion of climate-resilient ecosystems that are providing services to populations that depend on them
9d(b)	Proportion of ecosystem areas with adaptation actions implemented towards enhanced resilience and services
9d(c)	Level of resilience of ecosystems, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9d(d)	Level of threat status of ecosystems, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9d(e)	Level of threat status of species, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9d(f)	Level of adaptive capacity, resilience and vulnerability to climate impacts resulting from the implementation of ecosystem-based adaptation actions and nature-based solutions according to information reported by Parties, as appropriate

9(e) Infrastructure and human settlements

Increasing the resilience of infrastructure and human settlements to climate change impacts to ensure basic and continuous essential services for all, and minimizing climate-related impacts on infrastructure and human settlements

9e(a)	Proportion of settlement-upgrading programmes implemented that include climate change adaptation measures and maintain sustained engagement at the local level
9e(b)	Proportion of infrastructure and human settlements vulnerable to climate-related hazards and other extreme events relocated to a safer location

9(f) Poverty eradication and livelihoods

Substantially reducing the adverse effects of climate change on poverty eradication and livelihoods, in particular by promoting the use of adaptive social protection measures for all

9f(a)	Level of population living in poverty, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
9f(b)	Proportion of the population in climate-vulnerable areas with access to social protection services
9f(c)	Level of social protection systems that consider climate risk management aspects and can respond to climate change impacts

9(g) Cultural heritage

Protecting cultural heritage from the impacts of climate-related risks by developing adaptive strategies for preserving cultural practices and heritage sites and by designing climate-resilient infrastructure, guided by traditional knowledge, Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge and local knowledge systems

9g(a)	Percentage of at-risk cultural and natural heritage sites and elements with adaptation measures implemented to enhance resilience to climate-related hazards under different warming scenarios, as appropriate for regions and contexts, guided by traditional, local or Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge and practices, disaggregated, as appropriate, by tangible and intangible cultural elements
9g(b)	Proportion of cultural heritage protected from climate impacts through digitization measures for preservation and recovery and by storing movable heritage in climate-resilient facilities
9g(c)	Percentage of cultural heritage and sites with adaptation measures and emergency preparedness plans in place for climate change related hazards under different warming scenarios, as appropriate for regions and contexts
9g(d)	Level of establishment of institutional arrangements for the provision of regular training on climate change adaptation that incorporates guidance from traditional, local and Indigenous Peoples’ knowledge where applicable
9g(e)	Percentage of climate adaptation measures focused on cultural heritage that maintain sustained engagement with Indigenous Peoples and/or local communities

10(a) Impact, vulnerability and risk assessment

By 2030 all Parties have conducted up-to-date assessments of climate hazards, climate change impacts and exposure to risks and vulnerabilities and have used the outcomes of these assessments to inform their formulation of national adaptation plans, policy instruments, and planning processes and/or strategies, and by 2027 all Parties have established multi-hazard early warning systems, climate information services for risk reduction and systematic observation to support improved climate-related data, information and services

10a(a)	Level of establishment of multi-hazard early warning systems
10a(b)	Level of conduct of assessments of climate hazards, climate change impacts, and exposure to risks and vulnerabilities based on different global warming scenarios, as appropriate for regions and contexts
10a(c)	Level of establishment of multi-hazard monitoring and impact-based forecasting systems, including monitoring stations
10a(d)	Number of people per 100,000 that are covered by early warning information through local governments or through national dissemination mechanisms
10a(e)	Percentage of the population in a country exposed to or at risk from climate-related disasters protected through pre-emptive evacuation measures following early warning
10a(f)	Level of establishment of climate information services for risk reduction and systematic observation to support improved climate-related data, information and services
10a(g)	Extent of usage of climate risk information and comprehensive risk assessment based on different global warming scenarios, as appropriate for regions and contexts, to inform formulation of national adaptation plans, policy instruments, and planning processes and/or strategies

10(b) Planning

By 2030 all Parties have in place country-driven, gender-responsive, participatory and fully transparent national adaptation plans, policy instruments, and planning processes and/or strategies, covering, as appropriate, ecosystems, sectors, people and vulnerable communities, and have mainstreamed adaptation in all relevant strategies and plans

10b(a)	Status of having national adaptation plans, policy instruments, and planning processes and/or strategies in place
10b(b)	Status of having gender-responsive adaptation plans, policy instruments, and planning processes and/or strategies in place
10b(c)	Existence of national adaptation plans, policy instruments, planning processes and strategies that have been informed by traditional knowledge, knowledge of Indigenous Peoples and local knowledge systems

10(c) Implementation

By 2030 all Parties have progressed in implementing their national adaptation plans, policies and strategies and, as a result, have reduced the social and economic impacts of the key climate hazards identified in the assessments referred to in paragraph 10(a) above

10c(a)	Extent of implementation of national adaptation plans, policies and strategies relative to planned implementation thereof
10c(b)	Number of deaths and missing persons associated with climate-related hazards, per 100,000 people, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
10c(c)	Net savings as a percentage of gross domestic product from avoided losses, including as an outcome of adaptation actions where applicable
10c(d)	Amount of finance for climate adaptation reported in line with chapters IV, V and VI, as relevant and as appropriate, of the annex to decision 18/CMA.1, disaggregated by the parameters listed in paragraphs 123, 125, 133 and 134, as applicable, of the same decision, which includes the amount of international public finance for climate adaptation provided by developed countries and received by developing countries for the implementation of national adaptation plans, policy instruments, and planning processes and/or strategies
10c(e)	Technology development and transfer for climate adaptation reported in line with chapters IV, V and VI, as relevant and as appropriate, of the annex to decision 18/CMA.1, disaggregated by the parameters listed in paragraphs 127, 136 and 138, as applicable, of the same decision, which includes technology development and transfer support for climate adaptation provided by developed countries and needed and received by developing countries for the implementation of national adaptation plans, policy instruments, and planning processes and/or strategies
10c(f)	Capacity-building for climate adaptation reported in line with chapters IV, V and VI, as relevant and as appropriate, of the annex to decision 18/CMA.1, disaggregated by the parameters listed in paragraphs 129, 140 and 142, as applicable, of the same decision, which includes capacity-building support for climate adaptation provided by developed countries and needed and received by developing countries for the implementation of national adaptation plans, policy instruments, and planning processes and/or strategies

10(d) Monitoring, evaluation and learning

By 2030 all Parties have designed, established and operationalized a system for monitoring, evaluation and learning for their national adaptation efforts and have built the required institutional capacity to fully implement the system

10d(a)	Extent of design of a system for monitoring, evaluation and learning for national adaptation efforts relative to needs
10d(b)	Level of operationalization of a system for monitoring, evaluation and learning for national adaptation efforts
10d(c)	Level of periodic publication of monitoring, evaluation and learning findings regarding the implementation of national adaptation efforts
10d(d)	Level of integration of monitoring, evaluation and learning system findings into national adaptation efforts
10d(e)	Level of institutional capacity to fully operate systems for monitoring, evaluation and learning for national adaptation efforts

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Key decisions on the global goal on adaptation:

2025	Decision 12/CMA.7
2025	SB 62 conclusions
2024	Decision 3/CMA.6
2024	SB 60 conclusions
2023	Decision 2/CMA.5
2023	SB 58 conclusions
2022	Decision 3/CMA.4
2022	SB 56 conclusions
2021	Decision 7/CMA.3
2015	The Paris Agreement

Many workshops and events have been organized in relation to the global goal on adaptation. These include workshops held under various work programmes, as well as specifically mandated events, such as a special event at SB 62 organized in collaboration with the IPCC. Further information on past and upcoming events is available below:

Workshops and Events

Date	Output	Name
September 2026	Technical Paper	Targets outlined in paragraphs 9-10 of decision 2/CMA.5 and the Belém Indicators
August 2026	Information Note	Information note by the SB Chairs on the Baku Adaptation Roadmap
June 2026	Updated Information Note	Information note by the SB Chairs on the Baku Adaptation Roadmap
November 2025	Summary report	Summary report of the mandated workshop, October 2025
September 2025	Summary report	Summary report of the meeting of experts
September 2025	Experts' final technical report, including information on methodologies, and the final list of potential indicators	Technical report Final list of potential indicators
May 2025	Consolidated list of indicators and progress of the work on indicators	Consolidated list of indicators, Progress Report, Reports from experts
May 2025	Technical report by the secretariat	Technical report on indicators for measuring progress achieved towards the targets referred to in paragraphs 9-10 of decision 2/CMA.5
May 2025	Workshop report	Report of the mandated workshop, March 2025
April 2025	Reader-friendly summary	Reader-friendly summary on transformational adaptation EN, FR, ES, RU, ZH, AR (unofficial translations)
November 2024	Informal progress Reports	Experts' informal progress reports
November 2024	Workshop Report	Report of mandated workshop, October 2024
November 2024	Technical Paper	Defining and understanding transformational adaptation
September 2024	SB Chairs briefing	Briefing on the convening of experts
May 2024	Synthesis of Submissions	Synthesis of submissions on the UAE - Belém work programme on indicators
November 2023	Annual Report	Report on the Workshops under the Glasgow-Sharm el-Sheikh work programme on the global goal on adaptation
October 2023	Summary report	Summary of the eighth workshop
September 2023	Summary report	Summary of the seventh workshop
July 2023	Summary report	Summary of the sixth workshop
April 2023	Summary report	Summary of the fifth workshop
February 2023	Information note	On the work programme by the Chairs of the Subsidiary Bodies
November 2022	Annual report	Report on Workshops under the Glasgow–Sharm el-Sheikh work programme on the global goal on adaptation
November 2022	Summary report	Summary of the fourth workshop
November 2022	Summary report	Summary of the third workshop
October 2022	Summary report	Summary of the second workshop
September 2022	Technical paper	Compilation and synthesis of indicators, approaches and metrics for reviewing overall progress
August 2022	Summary report	Summary of the first workshop
June 2022	Submissions	Compilation and synthesis of submissions
April 2022	Information note	On the work programme by the Chairs of the Subsidiary Bodies
November 2021	Technical paper	Approaches to reviewing the overall progress made in achieving the global goal on adaptation
September 2021	Report	Report of the Adaptation Committee
May 2021	Webinar	Adaptation Committee