This technical paper explores how transformational adaptation is defined and understood across spatial scales and sectors, emphasizing the need for adaptation measures that change the fundamental attributes of natural and human systems in response to climate change and its effects. It summarizes the existing knowledge on the definition and dimensions of, and pathways and potential for, transformational adaptation. It provides practical examples of transformational adaptation, focusing on the importance of broad, systemic shifts rather than incremental changes. The paper also reviews the evidence of the implementation of transformational adaptation by sector and region, including from reports submitted by Parties, and of progress in planning and implementing transformational adaptation approaches at the global level.

Finally, the paper offers a detailed examination of ways of defining and conceptualizing transformational adaptation in the context of climate change. This includes proposals for the dimensions and practical attributes of transformational adaptation and the elements that can contribute to building a common understanding thereof. It underscores the importance of a nuanced, context-specific approach, integrating consideration of diverse perspectives and knowledge systems, to creating robust frameworks for adapting to climate impacts.