Gaps and needs related to the NAPs

Gaps and needs related to the process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans, and ongoing activities of the Least Developed Countries Expert Group, the Adaptation Committee and relevant organizations related to addressing those gaps and needs^a.Please check the notes at the end of the table. A printer friendly version is available here

Area	Reference^b,c	Needs^d	Gaps				Support activities to address the gaps^e	Providers of support addressing the gaps^f
			LDCs		All developing countries
			All	Some	All	Some
Accessing financial and other support	All elements Decision 12/CP.18, paragraphs 1–8; decision 18/CP.19, paragraphs 4–5; decision 1/CP.21 paragraph 46; decision 4/CP.21, paragraphs 6–10; decision 6/CP.22, paragraphs 6–10; and decision 11/CMA.1, paragraphs 21–28 Article 4, paragraph 5; and Article 7, paragraph 13	Adequate and effective access to financial support, including from the GCF, as well as other forms of support for the formulation and implementation of NAPs	X			X	Dissemination of information on available financial support and the requirements for access Guidance on financing the formulation and implementation of NAPs Supporting countries in writing and submitting funding proposals Establishment and deployment of systems to facilitate channelling of climate finance to sub-national authorities	AC, GCF, GEF, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP Global Network, NAP-GSP, UNCDF, UNDP, UNEP, WHO COP GCF and its delivery partners
		Capacity to write proposals for accessing funding under the different windows of the GCF	X			X	Training in proposal writing to develop human capacity development to prepare GCF concept notes and funding proposals Supports proposal development for accessing funding for subnational climate actions	GCF delivery partners, NAP GSP, UNCDF, UNDP, UNEP, WHO, WMO
		Understanding of the latest requirements for GCF funding proposals	X			X	Helping countries to establish the information required to be included in GCF funding proposals	GCF delivery partners, NAP GSP, UNDP, UNEP, WHO, WMO
		Promotion of funding proposals from multiple stakeholders, including those at the subnational and local government level	X			X	Mechanism to channel climate finance to local government authorities in selected countries Supports proposal development for accessing funding for subnational climate actions	UNCDF
		Capacity to ensure that proposals to the GCF for the formulation of NAPs are aligned with the technical guidelines for the formulation and implementation of NAPs, and address both the objectives and guiding principles of the process to formulate and implement NAPs	X			X	Training on COP guidance for the formulation and implementation of NAPs Promoting the use of the COP guidance to serve as the basis for formulating and implementing NAPs, and to guide how support is provided	LEG LEG, NAP technical working group
		Coordination among providers of support at all levels to ensure that their support is coherent and avoids overlaps at the national level and that such support is in line with national priorities and needs		X		X	Coordinating technical support activities Coordinating financial support activities at the national level Coordination of activities between the NAP-GSP and the NAP Global Network	NAP technical working group NAP-GSP technical advisory group
		Systems for ensuring that countries’ support needs for a long-term process are met through limited, one-off funding designed for projects over a fixed time frame	X		X		Integrating suitable activities in planned and ongoing projects Integrating climate data and scenarios into adaptation planning Establishment and deployment of systems to facilitate channelling of climate finance to sub-national authorities	NAP-GSP, UNCDF, UNDP, UNEP
Institutional arrangements and coordination	Element A Decision 12/CP.18, paragraph 7; and decision 11/CMA.1, paragraph 30 Article 7, paragraph 7	Establishment or enhancement of institutional arrangements for the process to formulate and implement NAPs in order to foster national leadership and coordination of adaptation efforts at all levels and create a primary interface with regional and international mechanisms	X			X	Technical guidance and advice Facilitating collaboration among national institutions Supporting national thematic working groups Supporting national-subnational linkages (vertical integration) Creating linkages with NDCs	GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP Global Network, NAP-GSP, UNCDF, UNDP, UNEP, WHO, WMO
		Establishment or enhancement of legal frameworks for institutional arrangements and coordination		X		X	Technical guidance and advice	LEG, UNEP
		Establishment or enhancement of systems at the national level to facilitate the flow of resources and information across different levels of government (climate-responsive budgeting)	X			X	Mechanism to channel climate finance to local government authorities in selected countries Establishment and deployment of systems to facilitate channelling of climate finance to sub-national authorities	NAP Global Network, UNCDF, UNDP
		Ensuring the existence of stakeholders or focal points within different institutions with clearly defined roles and responsibilities		X		X	Technical guidance and advice	LEG
		Technical guidance and capacity-building for national working groups for the formulation and implementation of NAPs, and the preparation of proposals to access funding from the GCF		X		X	Technical guidance and advice	LEG
		Institutional arrangements and systems to implement monitoring and evaluation		X		X	Supporting inter- and intra-institutional coordination and decision-making mechanisms Support the deployment of performance-based framework for assessing subnational level adaptation effort	GCF, UNCDF, UNEP
Climate scenarios, science and translation to local context	Step B.1 Decision 5/CP.17 Article 7, paragraphs 7 and 9	Capacity for national, subnational and sector experts to work effectively with climate data and climate change scenarios that facilitate considering long-term climate impacts in decision-making	X			X	Training on accessing and using climate data and climate change scenarios Training on generating climate change scenarios Support for climate information services and early warning systems projects Capacity development for risk-informed planning Support for subnational climate risk assessment Support for establishing climate risk and vulnerability assessment local information systems (RVALIS)	CCAFS, GCF, GEF, GERICS, GIZ, LEG, NAP-GSP, UNCDF, UNDP, UNEP, WHO, WMO
		Availability and accessibility of climate data and climate change scenarios to underpin effective adaptation assessment, planning and implementation, taking into account specific needs at the national, subnational and sectoral level	X			X	Dissemination of information on where and how to access latest climate data and climate change scenarios Development of new climate change scenarios in selected countries Construction of automatic weather stations Support for establishing climate risk and vulnerability assessment local information systems (RVALIS)	CCAFS, GEF, GERICS, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, UNCDF, UNDP, UNEP
		Capacity-building for national, subnational and sector experts on the application of climate change scenarios in climate change adaptation decision-making	X			X	Capacity-building of national experts in selected countries on generating and using climate change scenarios in adaptation through LDCF early warning projects	GEF, GIZ, UNDP, UNEP,
		Methods and tools for translating climate data and climate change scenarios to the local context	X		X		Making methodologies and tools for adaptation assessments accessible to countries Training on accessing and using climate data and climate change scenarios Support for establishing climate risk and vulnerability assessment local information systems (RVALIS) Support for establishment of automated climate and synoptic weather stations, early warning system and technologies for climate modelling	AC, CCAFS, FAO, GERICS, GIZ, NAP-GSP, UNCDF, UNEP
		Ways to effectively translate long-term vision and planning from the national to the subnational level in order to guide assessments		X		X	Tools and training on integrative/systems approaches, linking national, subnational and sectoral adaptation planning and implementation	AC, GEF, GIZ, LEG, NAP-GSP, UNCDF, UNDP, UNEP, WHO
Risk and vulnerability assessment and risk management	Steps B.2 and B.3 Decision 5/CP.17; and decision 11/CMA.1, paragraph 5 Article 7, paragraphs 7 and 9	Capacity to frame, analyse and define baselines, and assess, manage and monitor climate change risk and vulnerability at relevant levels and scales		X		X	Training on NAPs following integrative/systems approaches Tools on vulnerability and risk assessments including the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report concepts Support for establishing climate risk and vulnerability assessment local information systems (RVALIS) Training on vulnerability and risk assessments for selected countries	GEF, GERICS, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP-GSP, UNCDF, UNEP, WHO
		Specific methodologies and guidelines that facilitate understanding of the baseline and the progression of vulnerability and risk, which is an important aspect of measuring and assessing progress in reducing vulnerability	X		X		Tools on integrative/systems approaches, and on vulnerability and risk assessments Methodologies on assessing adaptation needs Methodologies for data analysis and projections for adaptation	AC, FAO, GIZ, LEG, UNEP, WHO, WMO
		Comprehensive risk and vulnerability assessments covering all key sectors and systems at the national, subnational and sectoral level, as well as vulnerability hotspots	X			X	Training on NAPs following integrative/systems approaches Methodologies on assessing adaptation needs Supporting risk and vulnerability assessments in selected systems and countries Support for sub-national climate risk assessment across key sectors	AC, FAO, GERICS, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, UNCDF, UNDP UNEP
		Institutionalization of risk and vulnerability assessment and risk management at all levels of governance and in key sectors	X		X		Human and institutional capacity development and support to build long-term capacity Training on applying climate data and climate change scenarios in decision-making at all levels Support capacity development and institutionalisation of risk and vulnerability assessment at all levels	GIZ, NAP-GSP, UNEP, WHO
		Ways to build evidence for adaptation additionality arguments in funding proposals to the GCF	X		X		Tools for monitoring and evaluation and collecting lessons learned in adaptation projects	GIZ, UNCDF, UNEP
		Technical support to identify effective adaptation solutions and actions after the assessment of climate vulnerabilities and risk					Outreach events to share experience and lessons learned in translating assessment results to adaptation actions Training on appraising and prioritizing adaptation	AC, FAO, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP-GSP, UNDP, UNEP, UNITAR, WHO
		Ways to promote consistency, synergy and coherence among different risk and vulnerability assessment and risk management frameworks	X		X		Technical guidance materials to supplement the NAP technical guidelines	LEG, NAP technical working group
		Ways to improve the quality of assessments over time, for example through peer-review processes	X		X		Peer-reviewed publication of country case studies on NAPs Review of existing methodologies and tools	GERICS, GIZ
		Identification of areas where participatory approaches can significantly improve risk and vulnerability assessment	X			X	Application of participatory assessment approaches in assessments in selected countries	GERICS, GIZ, UNEP
Implementation strategies	Element C	Technical capacity to develop proposals to access funding from the GCF and other sources	X			X	Training in proposal writing to develop human capacity development to prepare GCF concept notes and funding proposals	GCF delivery partners, NAP GSP, UNDP, UNEP, WHO, WMO
		Ways to link the implementation strategy for the NAP with the GCF country programme	X			X
		Technical capacity and tools for ranking and prioritizing adaptation options		X		X	Tools, training and case studies on prioritizing adaptation in development	GIZ, LEG, UNEP, UNITAR
Access to and use of technology	Element C Decision 5/CP.17, paragraph 20; and decision 11/CMA.1, paragraph 29 Article 10, paragraphs 1–6; and Article 11, paragraph 1	Application of the latest technologies in climate change adaptation planning and implementation (e.g. big data, artificial intelligence and machine learning)	X		X		Promoting case studies on the use of technology in adaptation Promoting technology in adaptation projects	CCAFS, CTCN, GEF, LEG, UNEP
		Promotion of technological developments related to climate change adaptation in climate services, agriculture, water systems, health systems, disaster management, banking and other sectors	X		X		Promotion of technological developments related to climate change adaptation in climate services, agriculture, water systems, health systems, disaster management, banking and other sectors	CTCN, FAO, LEG, NAP technical working group, UNCDF, UNEP
		Mobilization of financial resources for the implementation of available adaptation technologies	X		X		Technical support and advice	CTCN, UNEP
		Capacity-building, training and awareness-raising on available adaptation technologies within the LDCs	X		X		Technical support and advice	CTCN, UNEP
		Access to information and the experience of other countries in applying different adaptation technologies to facilitate the selection, installation and operation of appropriate technologies for local problems	X		X		Platforms for sharing and accessing information on experience of other countries Technical papers on the application of technologies for adaptation	AC, LEG, NAP technical working group, UNEP
		Systems to stay abreast of the latest developments on technical guidance and assistance	X			X
Monitoring, evaluation and learning	Element D Decision 5/CP.17; and decision 8/CP.24, paragraph 19 Articles 7, 13 and 14	Establishment or enhancement of national monitoring and evaluation systems		X		X	Technical guidance and advice	AC, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP Global Network, NAP-GSP, UNEP
		Establishment of linkages to broader national monitoring and evaluation systems related to development		X		X	Development of metrics in coordination with national monitoring and evaluation efforts	AC, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP Global Network, NAP-GSP, WHO
		Systematic monitoring and observation relevant to adaptation planning and implementation, and subsequent monitoring and evaluation of adaptation outcomes and impacts		X		X	Ongoing tracking of progress made in NAPs, challenges, gaps and needs, including links to NDC reporting Monitoring and evaluation of adaptation projects Compilation of methodologies for assessing progress in enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change Support the deployment of performance-based framework for assessing subnational level adaptation effort	AC, FAO, GEF, GCF, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, UNCDF, UNDP, WHO
		Methodologies and guidelines for applying quantitative and qualitative metrics and indicators when analysing and assessing vulnerabilities, hazards and systems, including examples thereof	X		X		Work on developing methodologies for reviewing adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support Methodologies for monitoring and evaluation	AC, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, WHO
		Development of theories of change on climate change adaptation	X			X	Training on NAPs focusing on medium- and long-term outcomes Sharing of existing knowledge on monitoring and evaluation Training on Performance-Based Climate Resilience Grant Systems for sub-national climate action	AC, LEG, NAP-GSP, NAP technical working group, UNCDF
		Compilation of information to support monitoring, review and evaluation of progress on addressing adaptation		X		X	Work on developing methodologies for reviewing adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support Sharing of existing knowledge, tools and experience in developing monitoring and evaluation systems	AC, LEG, NAP GSP, GIZ, WHO
		Mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of support received	X		X		Work on developing methodologies for reviewing adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support	AC, LEG
Linkage with the development agenda	Steps A.4, B.5, C.1, C.4 and D.4 Decision 5/CP.17 Article 2; and Article 7, paragraph 1	Capacity to effectively address climate change adaptation in the national context within the broader framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SDGs		X		X	Tools, training and case studies on integrative/systems approaches, coherence with the SDGs and other frameworks, and linking national, subnational and sectoral adaptation planning and implementation	FAO, GEF, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP Global Network, NAP-GSP, UNDP, UNEP, WHO, WMO
		Articulation of the co-benefits of climate change adaptation proposals to the GCF	X		X		Sessions at NAP Expos to enhance the understanding of the process of accessing funding from the GCF for the formulation and implementation of NAPs	GCF, WHO, WMO
		Achievement of understanding of the concept of integrating adaptation into development planning, and of ways to integrate international processes that are relevant to adaptation planning using the appropriate frameworks, such as the SDGs, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and the New Urban Agenda	X		X		Tools, training and case studies on integrative/systems approaches, coherence with the SDGs and other frameworks, and linking national, subnational and sectoral adaptation planning and implementation	FAO, GIZ, LEG, NAP Global Network, NAP technical working group, UNCDF, UNDP, UNEP, WHO
		Identification of effective entry points for the integration of adaptation into development planning		X		X	Tools, training and case studies on integrative/systems approaches, coherence with the SDGs and other frameworks, and linking national, subnational and sectoral adaptation planning and implementation Support for integrating integration of climate change adaptation into local public planning and budgeting systems	GIZ, LEG, NAP Global Network, NAP-GSP, UNCDF, UNEP, WHO
		Prioritization of adaptation in development, including by communicating the development or economic value and benefits of implementing adaptation measures		X		X	Tools, training and case studies on prioritizing adaptation in development Support for integrating climate change adaptation into local public planning and budgeting systems Support stocktaking to identify entry points for adaptation	GIZ, LEG, NAP-GSP, UNITAR, UNEP, WHO
Active learning from practice	Element D Decision 12/CP.18, paragraph 9; decision 3/CP.20, paragraph 9; decision 6/CP.22, paragraph 12; and decision 11/CMA.1, paragraph 13 Article 7, paragraph 9	Capacity to apply the experiences of and lessons learned during adaptation planning and implementation to future adaptation efforts, including by identifying and promoting best practices		X		X	Syntheses, publications and exchanges on experiences, good practices and lessons learned in adaptation in the developing countries Integrating knowledge-sharing in ongoing adaptation projects	GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP-GSP, UNDP, UNEP, WHO
		Facilitation of true learning beyond the documentation of experiences and lessons learned	X		X		Promoting twinning between countries to strengthen peer-to-peer learning Providing post-training support Providing online and self-paced courses Promoting integration of South–South learning activities in adaptation projects	UNDCF, UNDP, UNITAR, WHO
		Promotion of learning platforms to facilitate the sharing of experiences and learning, especially at the regional level		X		X	NAP Central Organizing regional and international exchanges between countries Support webinar series to share experience on NAPs	FAO, GIZ, LEG, NAP-GSP, NAP technical working group
		Expansion of South-South exchanges to capitalize on experiences with similar or common climate shocks		X		X	Organizing regional exchanges between countries Newsletters and policy briefs on experience in adaptation planning and implementation	AC, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP-GSP, UNCDF, UNEP, WHO
Guiding principles	All elements Decision 5/CP.17, paragraphs 2–5 Article 7, paragraph 5	Adequate engagement of multiple stakeholders at the national and subnational level, including civil society, the private sector, financial institutions, city governments and other subnational authorities, youth, local communities and indigenous peoples, in managing adaptation planning and implementation, taking into account elements of successful adaptation (guiding principles)		X		X	Tools, training and outreach on multi-stakeholder engagement at all levels (national, subnational and sectoral, as well as regional and international) Mainstreaming stakeholder engagement as a requirement for funding Support in-country broad consultation on NAPs	GCF, GEF, GIZ, LEG, FAO, NAP-Ag, NAP-GSP, NAP technical working group, UNCDF, UNDP, UNEP, WHO
		Adequate analysis of which communities, groups and ecosystems are the most vulnerable	X		X		Tools, case studies and training on identifying vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems and implementing specific measures to address their needs Support for establishing climate risk and vulnerability assessment local information systems (RVALIS)	GIZ, LEG, UNCDF, UNEP
		Deeper and more consistent consideration of how the general concept of gender sensitivity can be applied to practical actions that lead to a reduction in gender-driven vulnerabilities		X		X	Tools, case studies, outreach events and training on gender sensitivity in the formulation and implementation of NAPs Training on gender-sensitive socioeconomic vulnerability assessments	AC, FAO, GCF, GEF, GIZ, LEG, NAP Global Network, NAP-Ag, UNDP, UNEP, WHO
		Ways to identify and effectively manage trade-offs between different adaptation actions and approaches, and between development and ecological protection		X		X	Tools for managing linkages and trade-offs between different adaptation actions and approaches Tools on linkages between adaptation and mitigation	AC, FAO, GIZ, LEG, NAP-Ag, NAP-GSP, UNDP

Abbreviations: AC = Adaptation Committee; CGIAR = Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security; CTCN = Climate Technology Centre and Network; FAO = Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; GCF = Green Climate Fund; GEF = Global Environment Facility; GERICS = Climate Service Center Germany; GIZ = German Agency for International Cooperation; LDC = Least Developed Country; LEG = Least Developed Countries Expert Group; NAP-Ag = Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans programme; NAP-GSP = National Adaptation Plan Global Support Programme; NAP-GSP TAG = NAP-GSP Technical Advisory Group; UNCDF =

United Nations Capital Development Fund; UNDP = United Nations Development Programme; UNDRR = United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; UNEP = United Nations Environment Programme; UNITAR = United Nations Institute for Training and Research; WHO = World Health Organization; WMO = World Meteorological Organization.

^aThis updates the information contained document FCCC/SBI/2019/16, annex I.

^bRelated elements of the process to formulate and implement NAPs contained in the technical guidelines for the formulation and implementation of NAPs, available at http://unfccc.int/7279.

^cCOP and CMA decisions and Articles of the Paris Agreement include only the decisions or articles related to supporting developing countries in the process to formulate and implement NAPs and that refer to any of the following bodies or entities: the AC; the LEG; Parties; United Nations organizations; specialized, bilateral and multilateral agencies; and other relevant organizations.

^dThese needs represent countries’ expected competencies, essential skills or services at the national, subnational and sectoral level required for the formulation and implementation of NAPs.

^e The column only includes information provided to the LEG by the respective bodies and organizations at its 36^th and 37^th meetings.

^fThe column only includes bodies and organizations that provided information to the LEG at its 36^th and 37^th meetings.