• Saint Lucia’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP) 2018 – 2028, Chapter 15: Limits to adaptation
• Saint Lucia Economic Recovery and Resilience Plan, Pillar 6: Disaster Risk, Mitigation and Climate Change
• Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project (DVRP), Environmental Assessment (EA) & Environmental Management Framework (EMF), Revised March 2016, see especially Chapter 4: Projected Impacts
• Saint Lucia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC, 2015)
• Saint Lucia’s Third National Communication, see especially Chapter 5.8: Capacity Building Activities Aimed at Integrating Loss and Damage into Medium and Long-term Planning                   

Preemptive adaptation:

• See, Saint Lucia’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP) 2018 – 2028. Saint Lucia’s overarching NAP is supplemented by the following documents, which indicate the priority programmes for different categories of climate risk management by key sector:
• Saint Lucia’s National Adaptation Plan Stocktaking, Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Report
• Saint Lucia’s National Adaptation Plan Roadmap and Capacity Development Plan 2018‐2028
• Saint Lucia’s Climate Change Communications Strategy
• Saint Lucia’s Sectoral Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for the Water Sector (Water SASAP) 2018‐2028
• Saint Lucia’s Sectoral Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for the Agriculture Sector (Agriculture SASAP) 2018‐2028
• Saint Lucia’s Sectoral Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan for the Fisheries Sector (Fisheries SASAP) 2018‐2028
• Saint Lucia’s Portfolio of Project Concept Notes for the Water Sector 2018‐2028
• Saint Lucia’s Portfolio of Project Concept Notes for the Agriculture Sector 2018‐2028
• Saint Lucia’s Portfolio of Project Concept Notes for the Fisheries Sector 2018‐2028
• Monitoring and Evaluation Plan of Saint Lucia’s National Adaptation Planning Process
• Guidelines for the Development of Sectoral Adaptation Strategies and Action Plans: Saint Lucia’s experience under its national adaptation planning process

Saint Lucia’s NAP also covers the following areas:

• Cross-sectoral adaptation strategies
• Infrastructure and spatial planning
• Natural resources management (terrestrial, coastal, marine) or resilient ecosystems¹
• Education
• Health
• Tourism
• Limits to adaptation

Saint Lucia recently completed under the NAP process:

• Saint Lucia’s Private Sector Engagement Strategy
• Saint Lucia’s Climate Financing Strategy
• Climate Change Research Policy; and
• Climate Change Research Strategy²

Contingency measures, e.g. through risk financing with regional risk pooling, insurance facilities and bonds, and through social protection measures, etc.

• Saint Lucia is a member of the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF). In addition to providing parametric insurance products to its members (based on individual country policies) for tropical cyclones, earthquakes and excess rainfall, the CCRIF supports the implementation of the Climate Risk Adaptation and Insurance in the Caribbean (CRAIC) project, which includes a micro-insurance product called the Livelihood Protection Policy (LPP), which helps protect the livelihoods of vulnerable low-income individuals such as small farmers, tourism workers, fishers, market vendors and day labourers, by providing quick cash payouts following extreme weather events (specifically, high winds and heavy rainfall). Among other Caribbean countries, this project operates in Saint Lucia. The CCRIF also has a small grants programme, which funds community-level projects, including in Saint Lucia.
• Saint Lucia supports SIDS Dock, which is an initiative among member countries of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) to provide the small island developing States (SIDS) with a collective institutional mechanism to assist them transform their national energy sectors into a catalyst for sustainable economic development and help generate financial resources to address adaptation to climate change.
• Complementary to the SIDS Dock initiative, in its NDC, Saint Lucia has recognised that national level market-based instruments, such as cap-and trade emissions trading schemes and offsetting, are crucial to pricing carbon emissions and keeping the costs of mitigation low. These will be pursued to encourage implementation of the proposed mitigation measures drawing on any applicable international arrangements. While Saint Lucia’s carbon emissions are very small, all efforts to reduce them will have an impact on the levels of loss and damage in the future.
• The Government of Saint Lucia is also initiating work on shock responsive social protection through the efforts through the Ministry with responsibility for Equity, including the identification or priority measures and the development of a roadmap.

Addressing losses through disaster relief funds, credit facilities etc.:

• The current pandemic provides a very recent example of how Saint Lucia can access credit facilities (although these are not necessarily sufficient) to address short to medium-term economic losses. AOSIS has been intimately involved in the negotiation of the UN General Assembly’s Omnibus Resolution on COVID-19, and Saint Lucia is working closely with regional organizations in the Caribbean (e.g. OECS  and CARICOM) to develop recovery strategies. At the national level, please refer to the document above: Saint Lucia Economic Recovery and Resilience Plan, which sets out a plan for moving from pandemic to recovery with collective action.
• An example from a more climate change-related disaster is Hurricane Tomas which hit Saint Lucia in November 2010. Humanitarian agencies in the region (e.g. Saint Lucia Red Cross, NEMO) supported by regional (e.g. CDEMA) and international organizations (e.g. IFRC) and developed country governments (e.g. EU, through provisions in the Cotonou Agreement) provided post-disaster relief. This is merely one example of how a climate-related impact in Saint Lucia was addressed.
• Saint Lucia is also part of the Responsive Disaster Recovery Climate and Environment Resilience in the Caribbean (EnGenDER) Project. This EnGenDER project aims to ensure that climate change and disaster risk reduction actions for each of the nine participating Caribbean countries are better informed and steps are taken to ensure that inequalities experienced by persons as a result of system biases due to gender, disability, or age are alleviated rather than made worse. The countries’ NAPs and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) will serve as entry points for promoting and achieving gender responsiveness to climate change and disaster risk resilience. The COVID-19 response components include income support for the most vulnerable, support for initiatives that facilitate delivery of essential goods and services and support for initiatives that tackle gender-based violence.
• Saint Lucia is also part of the Disaster Vulnerability Reduction Project (DVRP). The DVRP aims to reduce disaster vulnerability and increase long-term climate resilience in Saint Lucia by addressing the multi-faceted risks associated with hydrometeorological events. The DVRP also finances emergency reconstruction activities that are to be implemented to rectify the damages caused by Hurricane Tomas and the December 2013 floods.  It has five components comprising: Component I: Risk Reduction and Adaptation Measures; Component II: Technical Assistance for Improved Assessment and Application of Disaster and Climate Risk Information in Decision-Making; Component III: Climate Adaptation Financing Facility (CAFF); Component IV: Contingency Emergency Response; and Component V: Project Management and Implementation Support.
• The Climate Adaptation Financing Facility (CAFF) is one aspect of the DVRP that is worth special mention under this section.  The CAFF is designed to establish a pilot financing mechanism meant to promote increased climate resilience, including the provision of retail loans (sub-loans) to eligible households and private firms or businesses to finance climate adaptation investments to build resilience of assets and livelihoods, intended to reduce risks associated with catastrophic hydro-meteorological shocks.  Saint Lucian households and businesses were able to begin, in 2017, to access financing through the Saint Lucia Development Bank to reduce climate-related risks.  Concessional loans and other financial services cover investments and activities such as rainwater harvesting systems; drainage; roofs and windows; solar power generation; irrigation systems and other measures.

Disaster risk reduction focused strategies and measures through activities under the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, contingency and trust funds, disaster legislation, etc.:

• Saint Lucia’s National Emergency Management Organization (NEMO) has published a Comprehensive Disaster Management Strategy and Programme Framework.
• NEMO has also prepared a Country Document: Disaster Risk Reduction, 2014 and is currently in the process of updating its five-year Country Plan. 
• Saint Lucia is governed under the Disaster Management Act of 2006. There are a number of related policy documents, guidelines, standard operating procedures, national and sector plans under the guidance of NEMO.
• The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) is a regional inter-governmental agency for disaster management in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). The Agency has primary responsibility for the coordination of emergency response and relief efforts to Participating States that require such assistance. It fully embraces the principles and practice of Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM), is an integrated and proactive approach to disaster management and seeks to reduce the risk and loss associated with natural and technological hazards and the effects of climate change to enhance regional sustainable development.
• The SIDS accelerated modalities of action (SAMOA) Pathway (2014) includes a section on disaster risk reduction, which recognises that that SIDS continue to grapple with the effects of disasters, some of which have increased in intensity and some of which have been exacerbated by climate change, which impede their progress towards sustainable development. It also recognises that disasters can disproportionately affect SIDS and that there is a critical need to build resilience, strengthen monitoring and prevention, reduce vulnerability, raise awareness and increase preparedness to respond to and recover from disasters.
• Saint Lucia has been well represented at global and regional disaster risk reduction platforms organised by UNDRR to provide guidance on the implementation of the Sendai Framework.
• Saint Lucia is part of the OECS and recently completed its Strategic Plan 2020-2023: Human Mobility in the Context of Climate Change (HMCCC) for the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Commission

Transformative actions (which could include any such actions already mentioned above):

• The documents and other information provided above set out in much detail the actions Saint Lucia, the Caribbean region and AOSIS are taking and plan to take to transition to a low-carbon, resilient pathway to sustainable development.

Yes. National Adaptation Plan (NAP), Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and National Communication (NatCom) – see links to these documents, above

Collection and management of data and information (including databases, spatial data, systematic observations, establishing baselines, etc):

• Reconstruction of historical climate databases including data rescue from old paper records to support climate information services.
• Use of space technologies in systematic observations and geospatial analyses.
• Establishment of a baseline on non-economic and social loss and damage, as well as regarding culture, territory, indigenous knowledge systems, ecosystem services.
• Development of databases and information services to support risk profiling and risk assessment of a variety of timeframes by different actors and stakeholders in their decision-processes.
• Setting up a registry/Mapping of at-risk populations to assess sea level rise induced relocation costs for coastal communities.

Analyses of data and information (including climate change projections, impact analyses, hazard mapping, etc):

• Conduct of pilot loss and damage assessments for certain key agricultural commodities which are vulnerable to climate change, such as rice, aquaculture, and fruits.
• Construction of multivariate impacts and loss databases to support assessments and reporting including through the use of bigdata methods.
• country including data collection, storage and sharing protocols and policies.
• Quantitative assessment of risk for important systems to inform decision-making, in particular, selection of risk management approaches.
• Costing of impacts in the present as well as for projected impacts for use in costs-benefit analyses to appraise options.
• Methods for automated and semi-automated inventorying of infrastructure and assets such as involving geospatial technologies and artificial intelligence.
• Estimation and outreach on future climate change risks to inform investor decisions.
• Development of standardized set of risk assessment guidelines for community/subnational level to prepare and maintain inventories of at-risk assets.
• National-scale site characterization to support hazard mapping, zoning and other land use planning.

Design and implementation of projects on Loss and Damage:

• Development of protocols (legal, social, financial, institutional) for relocation to ensure effective buy-in of all stakeholders.
• Development of infrastructure and plans for relocation/resettlement of households and communities from frequently affected areas.
• Development of funding proposals related to the strategic workstreams of the five-year rolling workplan of the Executive Committee.
• Optimal design of sustainable public works (drainage, transportation and other critical and protective infrastructure).
• Protection of cultural heritage and traditional knowledge.

 Financial instruments (such as insurance, risk pooling, contingency funds, etc):

• Design and financing of social protection measures.
• Development of different insurance mechanisms.
• Design of national trust/contingency/recovery funds.
• Development of national finance instruments (bonds, etc).
• Development of legal instruments to manage planned migration.
• Development of curriculum on various relevant aspects of climate change and loss and damage.

Other activities not covered by the above entries:

• Production of a local animation in English and Kweyol on loss and damage that communicates key concepts tied to local circumstances/norms/culture/experiences, including the thematic areas of the WIM Excom’s 5-year rolling workplan.
• Develop an academic network/pool for Saint Lucia, drawn from regional and international sources, that focuses on the priority questions raised in its Climate Change Research Policy and Strategy, in an effort to facilitate partnering.

• Some of these are covered in the national documents shared above: social protection, human migration in the context of climate change, academic network tied to research policy and strategy, SLR assessments and modelling (see point below), quantifying, assessing and documenting non-economic losses, etc.
• The NAP Global Network has been working with the Department of Sustainable Development and the Ministry of Education, Innovation, Gender & Sustainable Development in Saint Lucia since 2016 to ensure priority sectors build a resilience to the impacts of climate change and the NAP process is communicated among donors, the private sector and general public.
• Project for which funding had to be diverted due to COVID 19 response: Modelling and Assessment of Coastal Climate Change Impacts in Saint Lucia: To increase the resilience of coastal ecosystems, critical infrastructure and facilities, economic sectors and coastal communities in Saint Lucia to the combined effects of sea level rise (SLR) and stronger tropical cyclones and other extreme weather events through: Baseline data collection and analysis; modelling the extent of permanent coastal inundation, erosion and shoreline retreat under various SLR scenarios and the extent of these SLR hazards combined with tropical cyclone and extreme weather hazards, including temporary coastal flooding and erosion (from storm surge, wave run up and wave setup) and fluvial flooding; vulnerability and risk assessment of exposed ecosystems, critical infrastructure, critical facilities, critical assets (e.g. economic and cultural assets) and communities; and Economic Impact Assessment, including expected loss and damage, due to the combined effect of sea level rise, tropical cyclones and other extreme weather events on Saint Lucia’s coastline.