The Loss and Damage in Focus: 10 Years of the Warsaw International Mechanism photography exhibition at COP28 tells the stories of people and communities at the frontlines of climate change. The exhibition commemorates the 10-year anniversary of the establishment of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (WIM). 
 

This Gallery presents photos received in response to a call by the WIM Executive Committee to contribute to the Photo Exhibition to take place at COP28 to illustrate examples of ongoing efforts to restore the damage built environment, rehabilitate ecosystems, prepare for incremental impacts, or other action on loss and damage from climate change. 
 

Left: Moving on boats by Felix Koblitz: Due to erosion and rising sea level more and more people in the Barisal Division of Bangladesh are living on boats. Usually, 5-7 people stay on a single small boat. Especially during storms which occur more frequently these people are exposed to the tides. They live as fishermen. The changing weather patterns also have an impact on the fish stocks causing severe malnutrition among the people. (#1)

Centre: Anticipatory Action in Somali Region, Ethiopia, by Michael Tewelde: Women in Danan Kebele, Ethiopia, are receiving early warning information as part of a World Food Programme project to enable communities to understand and prepare for worsening drought. This is part of an Anticipatory Action programme which uses weather forecasts and early warning systems to trigger pre-arranged financing. With these messages and cash, people can prepare, protect themselves and minimize the losses and damages that occur from climate extremes. (#2)

Right: Protecting the shoreline and ecosystems through nature-based solutions, by Thomas Guillon: Discover the enchanting natural beauty of Vilanova i la Geltrú's beach in Catalonia, Spain. This captivating coastal town, like countless others globally, grapples with the imminent challenge of rising sea levels erasing its shores. However, hope emerges from Vilanova i la Geltrú's innovative project, uniting conservation and resilience.Melding nature and necessity, this initiative safeguards not only the shoreline but also the endangered Kentish plover bird and other vulnerable species. Against the backdrop of this picturesque beach, a harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature unfolds. Waves of change are met with protective barriers, granting solace to both delicate ecosystems and curious onlookers. Vilanova i la Geltrú stands as a testament to the power of human ingenuity in fostering biodiversity and preserving the essence of our precious coastlines. (#3)

Left: In the stillness, Bianca Vitale: Welcome to Tuvalu. One of the most climate-vulnerable nations in the world. It is such a special place made up of nine islands. With much of the country sitting at less than three meters in elevation, sea level rise and storm surges are not only leading to tidal inundation, food insecurity and cultural loss, but present an immediate threat to Tuvalu’s future. Funafuti is the capital of the island nation of Tuvalu. It has a population of 6,320 people. It consists of a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 metres wide, which is something you can’t really comprehend until you see if from above. With the drone shots you can see how vulnerable it is to climate impacts. (#4)

Centre: The tide is high, Bianca Vitale: This is Tuvalu. With much of the country sitting at less than three meters in elevation, sea level rise and storm surges are not only leading to tidal inundation, food insecurity and cultural loss, but present an immediate threat to Tuvalu’s future. It has a population of 6,320 people. The main island of Funafuti is so narrow and consists of just one road that runs from the bottom to the tip of the island. This is something you can’t really comprehend until you see if from above. With the drone shots you can see how vulnerable it is to climate impacts. Every year the king high tides flood the whole town, houses, land, schools, everything is underwater. And the rise of sea levels just make it progressively worst. (#5)

Right: One winding road, Bianca Vitale: The nation of Tuvalu, the 4th smallest nation in the world, only spans 26km squared. Funafuti is the capital of Tuvalu. It has a population of 6,320 people. It consists of a narrow sweep of land between 20 and 400 metres wide, as you can see pictured. When land is this limited, there isn't much space for agriculture, to grow food, for schools, for homes, community centers, for play, for family, for cemeteries or univerisities. When land is this limited, there also isn't much leeway for when the sea level rises. It is just their whole livelihoods, all wiped out and underwater along with all of their cultural traditions, ceremonies, languages, and ancestry. (#6)

Left: How we commemorate, by Bianca Vitale: Over in Tuvalu is a difficult way of life. Specific to the very special nation that it is. Despite being at the forefront of climate impacts, this gorgeous place and the communities that live here are so warm and lively. The way that they welcome with open arms, love with big heart, enjoy the time that we have and commemorate the moments that we share is unlike anywhere else. It is a known fact that Tuvalu is at risk of being completely underwater by 2050, which means the country will be lost, as well as the traditions, languages, ceremonies and priceless cultural heritage. (#7)

Centre: A magical moment, by Bianca Vitale: When arriving to Tuvalu, it was a special introduction into what would be a very memorable experience. The community of Tuvalu singing and clapping in a wave of sound. And out on nowhere, in true Pacific fashion, it started pouring rain. It was such a spiritual moment that prompted a lot of genuine smiles and big tears. (#8)

Right: A warm welcome, by Bianca Vitale: Dance, music and costume is an integral part of ceremony in the Pacific. It is integrated into every part of life. Every event is laced with the bright colours and expressive traditional costume. Every occasion is enveloped with music. It all makes up a critical part of culture in Tuvalu. It is a known fact that Tuvalu is at risk of being completely underwater by 2050, which means the country will be lost, as well as the traditions, languages, ceremonies and priceless cultural heritage. (#9)

Left: All that we have. All which can be lost, by Bianca Vitale: Dance, music and costume is an integral part of ceremony in the Pacific. It is integrated into every part of life. Every event is laced with the bright colours and expressive traditional costume. Every occasion is enveloped with music. It all makes up a critical part of culture in Tuvalu. It is a known fact that Tuvalu is at risk of being completely underwater by 2050, which means the country will be lost, as well as the traditions, languages, ceremonies and priceless cultural heritage. (#10)

Centre and right: Tides of Change, by Gareth Moon: In the heart of the Pacific, Tuvalu stands as one of the most climate-vulnerable island nations. Battling the dual threats of climate change and rising sea levels, the Tuvaluan Government, with the backing of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is embarking on an ambitious coastal adaptation initiative to transform Funafuti’s topography and enhance its climate defenses. At the core of this strategy lies the “bunded reclamation” barrier, which is notably altering Funafuti’s landscape. Spanning 780 meters by 100 meters and constructed from sand sourced from the Fongafale Lagoon, the barrier is tailored to fend off escalating tides. It stands not only as a protective measure but also as a symbol of Tuvalu’s enduring spirit and proactive stance against the loss and damage caused by climate change. (#11 and #12)

Left, centre and right: Tides of Change, by Gareth Moon: In the heart of the Pacific, Tuvalu stands as one of the most climate-vulnerable island nations. Battling the dual threats of climate change and rising sea levels, the Tuvaluan Government, with the backing of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is embarking on an ambitious coastal adaptation initiative to transform Funafuti’s topography and enhance its climate defenses. At the core of this strategy lies the “bunded reclamation” barrier, which is notably altering Funafuti’s landscape. Spanning 780 meters by 100 meters and constructed from sand sourced from the Fongafale Lagoon, the barrier is tailored to fend off escalating tides. It stands not only as a protective measure but also as a symbol of Tuvalu’s enduring spirit and proactive stance against the loss and damage caused by climate change. (#13, #14 and #15)

Left: Tides of Change, by Gareth Moon: In the heart of the Pacific, Tuvalu stands as one of the most climate-vulnerable island nations. Battling the dual threats of climate change and rising sea levels, the Tuvaluan Government, with the backing of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is embarking on an ambitious coastal adaptation initiative to transform Funafuti’s topography and enhance its climate defenses. At the core of this strategy lies the “bunded reclamation” barrier, which is notably altering Funafuti’s landscape. Spanning 780 meters by 100 meters and constructed from sand sourced from the Fongafale Lagoon, the barrier is tailored to fend off escalating tides. It stands not only as a protective measure but also as a symbol of Tuvalu’s enduring spirit and proactive stance against the loss and damage caused by climate change. (#16)

Centre and right: Monkey River, Belize - Coastal Erosion, Frontline Resilience, by Lavado Stubbs: Monkey River, a coastal community nestled in southern Belize, bears the brunt of an intensifying climate crisis. This community has lost its beach, once a tapestry of biodiversity and a cornerstone of ecotourism, to rising sea levels and relentless erosion. Houses have surrendered to the encroaching sea, and the cemetery, a resting place for generations, now lies submerged. The community still bears the scars of a hurricane that struck 13 years ago. Compounding the effect of rising sea levels, water abstraction for irrigation and aquaculture has led to a reduced sediment supply to the beach, further intensifying coastal erosion. But residents, under the leadership of figures like Mario Muschamp, president of the Monkey River Watershed Association, are fighting back and have built a seawall to protect the coastline from further damage. (#17 and #18)

Left, centre and right: Monkey River, Belize - Coastal Erosion, Frontline Resilience, by Lavado Stubbs: Monkey River, a coastal community nestled in southern Belize, bears the brunt of an intensifying climate crisis. This community has lost its beach, once a tapestry of biodiversity and a cornerstone of ecotourism, to rising sea levels and relentless erosion. Houses have surrendered to the encroaching sea, and the cemetery, a resting place for generations, now lies submerged. The community still bears the scars of a hurricane that struck 13 years ago. Compounding the effect of rising sea levels, water abstraction for irrigation and aquaculture has led to a reduced sediment supply to the beach, further intensifying coastal erosion. But residents, under the leadership of figures like Mario Muschamp, president of the Monkey River Watershed Association, are fighting back and have built a seawall to protect the coastline from further damage. (#19, #20 and #21)

Left and centre: Monkey River, Belize - Coastal Erosion, Frontline Resilience, by Lavado Stubbs: Monkey River, a coastal community nestled in southern Belize, bears the brunt of an intensifying climate crisis. This community has lost its beach, once a tapestry of biodiversity and a cornerstone of ecotourism, to rising sea levels and relentless erosion. Houses have surrendered to the encroaching sea, and the cemetery, a resting place for generations, now lies submerged. The community still bears the scars of a hurricane that struck 13 years ago. Compounding the effect of rising sea levels, water abstraction for irrigation and aquaculture has led to a reduced sediment supply to the beach, further intensifying coastal erosion. But residents, under the leadership of figures like Mario Muschamp, president of the Monkey River Watershed Association, are fighting back and have built a seawall to protect the coastline from further damage. (#22 and #23)

Right: Abaco After Dorian, by Muse Mohammed: A house can be seen flipped over after being ripped in half in a residential area of Abaco. Two months following the landfall of a powerful category five hurricane in the Bahamas in late September 2019, entire neighborhoods are still destroyed in affected areas. The storm impacted more than 70,000 people throughout the country and many have already begun the slow process of rebuilding their lives. (#24)

Left: Majuro, by Muse Mohammed: Waves crash along the narrow shores of Majuro, the Marshall Islands. For many living on the near-flat islands, rising sea levels is contributing greatly towards the erosion of the cost line affecting several homes living on the atolls. For many living in Majuro, finding ways to prevent or minimize the effects of costal erosion is a major consideration for long term life plans. (#25)

Centre: Mayor of a Sinking Island, by Muse Mohammed: Nika, Likiep's mayor, remembers a vastly different atoll 50 years ago, lush with trees along the lagoon's edge. Climate change has since transformed her island, bringing droughts that hinder traditional food cultivation. Rising seas encroach on their land, prompting residents to leave. Nika understands their desire for a better life but dreads the island's depopulation. Still, she remains hopeful. Known as a fighter, she seeks solutions like adopting solar energy to reduce fossil fuel use. Her mantra: 'if there's a will, there's a way.' Nika's determination to protect their land shines through, despite the challenges posed by a changing climate. (#26)

Right: Moving Coastal Communities, by Muse Mohammed: One of the community chiefs in Kahingi stands where his gardens used to be decades ago before being slowly swept away into the sea. For many living in the coastal community in Papua New Guinea, they had no idea of the effects of climate change and costal erosion. “We saw that over time our beach was being swallowed by the sea but we had just assumed that one day the ocean would give us back our land. We now know that will never happen” explained the chief. Organizations in the area have been working with educating communities about the effects of climate change and rising ocean levels. (#27)

Left: Hawa, by Muse Mohammed: Residents of Koundara, a remote border town between Guinea and Senegal, face economic challenges, often pushing their sons to migrate. Hawa, a local, shared her story: She and her son took out a loan to grow onions, but a lack of water and harsh weather destroyed their crops, leaving them with an unpayable debt. Hawa was even imprisoned. Ashamed of their situation, her son, Sadjo, left Guinea to repay the debt. Hawa only learned of his whereabouts a year later, when a friend returned with IOM's assistance, revealing Sadjo was in Libya. Since then, she has received no news from him, fearing for his life. (#28)

Centre: The Fading Islands, by Muse Mohammed: Joki and Bevelyn alongside their disabled brother and parents are the sole family living on the tiny island of Huene of Papua New Guinea. Originally linked to a nearby island, the Carteret Islands have been slowly shrinking over the years making it increasingly difficult to grow crops. It is likely that Joki and Bevelyn will be the last generation to live on the island. (#29)

Right: The Missing Trees of Likiep, by Muse Mohammed: Theresa is one of the several elderly residents on the remote outer island of Likiep. The Marshallese woman has seen a lot of changes happen to her island over the past 86 years. She remembers going to the lagoon as a child and catching an abundance of seashells, but her grandchildren today struggle to find as many as she used to. She's noticed that the climate has been getting dryer and hotter. Because of a 9-month dry spell, her grandchildren experience more hunger than she did due to less food being produced She also recalls the backside of her house being covered by trees, preventing her from seeing the lagoon. Today, she sits in her wheelchair with her grandchildren, and gone are all the trees and beaches have been eroded away. Instead, all that's left is her seawall, which protects her land from further erosion, and a perfectly clear view across the lagoon. (#30)

Left: The Pearls of Namdrik, by Muse Mohammed: For the residents of Namdrik, even a minor increase in water temperature can deeply affect the island's key livelihood, the black pearl oysters. The oysters reproduce within the lagoon at specific ideal temperature and as climate change continues the ocean’s temperature will slowly increase outside of this range resulting in fewer oysters and fewer pearls to sell back on the mainland. (#31)

Centre: She is forever stranded after Winston, by Douglas Marett: The Sinu-I-Wasa-Tolu was an interisland Ro-Ro/Passenger Ship that serviced the Fiji islands group since 1996. Originally from Sweden (1964), she tells the unfortunate story of vital interisland transport in the Pacific Islands Countries and Territories, and the difficult plight of some island communities, where old ships start their last journey at a late age only to be stranded by forces that they cannot control nor caused themselves. She was grounded forever by Category 5 - Cyclone Winston on 16th February 2016 on Ovolau island in Fiji and has never been recovered. Photographer’s introspection: I have spent 20 years addressing climate action in over 30 countries, and the experience of the Sinu-I-Wasa-Tolu exemplifies to me the obtuse reality that SIDS and LDCs are not only the bumping ground for old and used technology, but they also face all the long-term social, economic and cultural consequences of its use (and unavailability). (#32)

Right: Why oh Why, Marina Watt: My daughter was surprised by how much litter, and plastic in particular, we could find at our family beach clean-up. She kept on asking why people destroy the beauty of the beach where children couldn’t go to play safely and the ocean animals eventually lost their home. Why Oh Why! I wish I could tell you the reason why. (#33)

Left, centre and right: Brooke Pakistan Flood Relief and Rehabilitation Operation, by Ahmad Umer Chaudhry: A year ago, Pakistan faced one of it’s worst-ever floods. An estimated 33 million people were impacted during the 2022 monsoon season, which saw one-third of the country completely submerged. Flash floods and landslides swept away homes, leading to water-borne diseases, food insecurity, and loss of livelihoods. Extreme weather events like this can be linked to climate change, and with global temperatures steadily rising, there is an increased risk of infectious disease in both human and animals. Working equids (donkeys, horses and mules) are vital climate resilience assets for communities in both the short and long term. They transport supplies like animal feed and human ration bags, covering immediate food needs for family members. Their assistance in reconstructing people's livelihoods during the recovery phase underscores the critical role of animals in times of crisis. Increasingly livestock, including working animals, are being included in national disaster risk management plans. (#34, #35 and #36)

Left, centre and right: Brooke Pakistan Flood Relief and Rehabilitation Operation, by Ahmad Umer Chaudhry: A year ago, Pakistan faced one of it’s worst-ever floods. An estimated 33 million people were impacted during the 2022 monsoon season, which saw one-third of the country completely submerged. Flash floods and landslides swept away homes, leading to water-borne diseases, food insecurity, and loss of livelihoods. Extreme weather events like this can be linked to climate change, and with global temperatures steadily rising, there is an increased risk of infectious disease in both human and animals. Working equids (donkeys, horses and mules) are vital climate resilience assets for communities in both the short and long term. They transport supplies like animal feed and human ration bags, covering immediate food needs for family members. Their assistance in reconstructing people's livelihoods during the recovery phase underscores the critical role of animals in times of crisis. Increasingly livestock, including working animals, are being included in national disaster risk management plans. (#37, #38 and #39)

Left, centre and right: An Interactive Tapestry: Where Nature Meets Climate Adaptation, by Marcus Nield: In Nepal, hundreds of landslides occur each year, a phenomenon steadily growing as fluctuating temperatures and rainfall – both consequences of climate change – destabilize the earth.Through a UNEP-GEF project, communities in Nepal are being trained to protect the forests uphill from their agricultural terraces. In a prime example of ecological engineering, the trees’ interlocking root system provides a net that prevents the soil from simply sliding down the slope during periods of heavy rain, thus reducing the likelihood of landslides. Continuing in the spirit of nature-based solutions, the project is also building a conservation ponds (see left of image) that capture rainwater as it flows down the mountain, essentially mimicking the natural drainage services that lakes and rivers provide. Here, in this image, one can see the synergy between these features, an interactive tapestry where each thread relies on the others. The farming terraces stabilize the soil and keep moisture in the ground by preventing water runoff. The conservation pond downhill prevents flooding by capturing excess water that is then used by the surrounding farmers as a lifeline to grow crops in the dry season. Above it all, the forests sits protected, regulating the flow of water and keeping the soil in place with its roots. (#40, #41 and #42)

Left: Every Little Drop: Sudan's Water Crisis and the Burden on Women, by Lisa Murray: Farmer Nima Elmassad noticed the weather changing around seven years ago. In Sudan’s southern White Nile State, the rains began coming later and falling inconsistently. During the long, harsh dry season, her children had to travel three hours per day to collect water, and all but one dropped out of school. The family donkey that towed their water wagon became progressively weaker. “When the donkey died, we suffered a lot,” Elmassad said. “I had to beg water from neighbours for cooking and drinking. We could only bathe once a week.” In recent decades, the cumulative effects of climate change, conflict and political instability, coupled with increased water consumption from population growth, have prompted aid groups to warn of an impending water crisis. Furthermore, women often bear a disproportionate burden from climate change, particularly in Sudan where they are largely responsible for household food security and child rearing, while having a limited voice in decision making. (#43)

Centre: At the edge of survival, by Sowkat Chowdury: Woman’s life is kept rolling and showcasing how loss and damage have been experienced over ages, responded to, and compensated by life and livelihood on the ground. (#44)

Right: Fetching water Fetching life, by Sowkat Chowdury: The coastal communities are compromising their lives and livelihoods to fetch safe drinking water for their families. Even though their life is surrounded and affected by water, there is not a single drop to drink. The most readily available water is now scarce under the onslaught of climate change. (#45)

Left, centre and right: Harvesting Hope: A Lifeline in Sudan's Water Crisis, by Lisa Murray: Elnour Elbasheir (orange shirt) is the 11-year-old son of a local farmer in the White Nile State of Sudan. Here he is with his neighbour, collecting water for his mother and 4 siblings. In recent decades, the cumulative effects of conflict and political instability, coupled with increased water consumption from population growth, have prompted aid groups to warn of an impending water crisis. Funded by the Global Environment Facility, a UNEP project helped the government to build a 30,000m3 water harvesting reservoir to trap water in the wet season and store it year-round. At the reservoir, Elmassad’s youngest son, Elnour, pours jerry cans of clear water into a large blue plastic drum as birds swirl overhead. The site is only 20 minutes from his home, which means, unlike before the construction of the reservoir, he still has time and energy to attend school. (#46, #47 and #48)

Left: Climate-Smart Agriculture: through an integrated farming, Ariful Islam: A marginal women farmer is capacitated to scale up her farming by adopting an integrated approach where arable lands are gradually becoming scarce due to soil and water salinization. Adaptation technologies are practiced in the coastal belt to avert the impact of incremental change in climatic patterns to uplift the last hope of living. (#49)

Centre: Portraying resilience: Journey from vulnerability to sustainability, by Deb Ranjan Bishwas: A potential climate migrant’s journey from losing his traditional livelihood to accessing this alternative skill development programme.  Alternate livelihood changed his migration decision and got him access to the local job market. (#50)

Right: Surviving the life: A mother's tale, by Jannatum Nayem: Mother’s vulnerability to loss of the only space to live. She is simultaneously struggling, surviving, and recovering while living with and fighting against the devastating impacts of climate change. (#51)

Left: Dry River, by Natalia Mroz: Priest Aregawi Wolde Mariam looks down at a dry river valley below an ancient church in Tigray, the heartland of Orthodox Christianity in Ethiopia. It is one of the highest points of the valley, reached by a perilous, vertical ascent of several hours, with a sheer drop of hundreds of meters. Here, you are a spectator to earth's great dramas - far off rains, crumbling cliffs, the fresh greens of spring, and in this case, an ongoing drought, all play out below as they have for centuries. Climate change too is visible – in particular, deforestation, soil erosion and rising temperatures have caused local rivers to dry up, and degraded the productivity of the land. In times of peace, the community has built water catchment basins, boreholes and planted trees with the support of local NGOs to mitigate the impact of damage caused by the changing climate. (#52)

Centre: Grass-roots conservation in Northern Kenya, by Natalia Mroz: The Grevy's Zebra Trust (GZT) employs local Samburu people to combat biodiversity loss and land degradation, as a way to boost climate change resilience in this arid part of Kenya. Women like Patin Lebasha work as wildlife scouts, monitoring the health of the highly endangered Grevy’s Zebra population endemic to the region, as well as other iconic species. They are equipped with cameras, GPS, and data sheets, as well as the necessary training to gather valuable daily data on their environment. This information then guides day-to-day interventions such as anti-poaching actions, and informs top-level policy and decisions on things such as major infrastructure developments. Understanding the importance of involving indigenous people in conservation, GZT’s success lies in empowering communities to ensure animals and ecosystems are protected in a sustainable way. This approach can serve as an example to other conservation organisations, in an era where many indigenous communities are moved from their lands. (#53)

Right: Rising levels of Lake Baringo, by Faith Kathambi Mutegi: A tarmacked road to Tangulbei from Marigat cut off by the rising levels of Lake Baringo. The high levels of the lake have displaced locals from their homes and taken over schools in Baringo County in Kenya. (#54)

Left: Rising levels of Lake Baringo, by Faith Kathambi Mutegi: A local resident in baringo fetches water where a tarmac road once crossed through to Tangul­bei from Marigat. A tarmacked road to Tangulbei from Marigat cut off by the rising levels of Lake Baringo. The high levels of the lake have displaced locals from their homes and taken over schools in Baringo County in Kenya. (#55)

Centre: Rising levels of Lake Baringo, by Faith Kathambi Mutegi: A boy dives into a pool of water that has been created by the invasive Lake Baringo where an entrance to Soi Lodge in Lake Baringo once stood. The Lake has displaced locals and taken over schools in Baringo County in Kenya. (#56)

Right: Rising levels of Lake Baringo, by Faith Kathambi Mutegi: A boy fishing in a pool of water that has been created by the invasive Lake Baringo where an entrance to Soi Lodge in Lake Baringo once stood. The Lake has displaced locals and taken over schools in Baringo County in Kenya. (#57)

Left: Wang Wang, Ramu Upaliza, Bangladesh, by William Jernigan: Wang Wang a member of the Marma ethnic minority group living near Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh. The community is faced with the destruction of housing and crops due to floods and cyclones - 40% of members have had their houses damaged or destroyed in recent years. As the Marma language is distinct from Bengali, the community has struggled to receive support since moving to the Ramu Upazila from the Chittagong Hill Tracts region nearly 40 years ago. Wang Wang has said she would like to stay and live with her community but needs a way to improve their living standards to make it possible. An IOM project, funded by the IOM Development Fund, has been working with the 22 women of the community, focusing training on climate- and flood-resilient practices and providing necessary materials for those interested in pursuing agriculture, and conducting broader livelihood skills development training for those wishing to make a living in towns and cities nearby. (#58)

Centre: Adaptation in Action, by Tamsir Sallah: This is a picture depicting a climate change Focus on mitigation approach towards making so we contribute to the green energy,  for we know there is already lots of lost and damage in our environment and communities,  but we can mitigate the effect of climate change by actively taking part in Adaptation approach and lost and damage approach. This picture was taken during a tree planting exercise which was done around our dump site in The Gambia. (#59)

Right: On The Brink: A Mother's Resilience, by Artan Jama: Dhanmaya Thami (centre with arms folded), farmer and mother-of-five, is well-acquainted with the threats posed by extreme rainfall in Nepal. During the 2020 monsoon, a landslide swept through her village, destroying livelihood in seconds. “We didn’t know where to go and everyone was crying and shouting. Everything got buried and we became homeless,” she recounts. “We did not even have anything to wear.” “We escaped, but the chickens and goats were killed.” Thami’s resilience echoes that of her nation. She painstakingly rebuilt her home piece-by-piece on her own. She rebuilt her life. Thami’s story is not unique, but is emblematic of the climate crisis in mountainous areas. Cultural and societal norms in many developing countries often result in women bearing the primary responsibility for managing household water resources, energy, and sanitation. Climate change can intensify these existing gender disparities, and women and girls account for approximately 80% of those displaced by climate-related impacts. (#60)

Left: Pastoralists of the Past, by Muse Mohammed: Former pastoralist Ekuwom reflects on a changing way of life in drought-stricken Northern Kenya. His once-thriving livelihood, centered around livestock, has withered due to climate change. Forced to migrate, he now resides in Namon village, a harsh environment with limited farming opportunities. In this arid region, pastoralists once relied on seasonal migrations for their herds to graze on lush grass, but water and food scarcity prevail today. Ekuwom's wealth, once measured in livestock, has dwindled. His family now resides in cramped makeshift homes on the village outskirts, with some sleeping under the open sky. Desperation has led some to seek alternative livelihoods, like charcoal burning. The past, marked by abundant grass, water, and animals, is a distant memory for Ekuwom and many others in Turkana country. (#61)

Centre and right: Maser & SDG 15 Life and peace of the heart, by Koudjo Mawuena Gbesse:This photo shows us how we must continue unwaveringly to reforest. The shade here protects more than 50 people in a meeting. Here: it is zero desertification, it’s zero land degradation, it’s zero loss of biodiversity. This photo says yes to reforestation and no to deforestation. (#62 and #63)