Course E Toolbox to facilitate reporting and review of information on climate change impacts and adaptation reported under article 7 of the Paris Agreement

This toolbox identifies guidelines, methodologies and other sources of information that can facilitate reporting by Parties and review by technical review experts on climate change impacts and adaptation in their biennial transparency reports (BTRs). For each of the types of information identified in chapter IV of decision 18/CMA.1, this toolbox lists, in an non-exhaustive manner, relevant guidelines, methodologies and other sources of information, provides a brief description of each, and includes relevant hyperlinks for accessing those resources. This information can be useful for the reviewers engaged in voluntary reviews of the information on climate change impacts and adaptation to orient Parties towards resources that could help facilitate reporting over time.

The resources listed in the below tables are arranged according to Chapter IV of the MPGs. In addition to the resources specific to the different information types in the MPGs, Parties and technical review experts may also wish to consult the recent overarching resources made available by the UNFCCC Adaptation Committee and the LDC Expert Group (LEG) :

The 2024 report 30 Year of Adaptation under the Convention and the Paris Agreement, which reflects on key milestones, challenges, and progress in adaptation efforts since the UNFCCC’s inception.
The Interactive Country Portal, a one-stop resource showcasing adaptation efforts across all Parties to the UNFCCC, organized around the iterative adaptation cycle.
The NAP tracking tool provides information on the status of NAP formulation and implementation.
The UNFCCC secretariat has also made available a range of supplementary materials to NAP technical guidelines, which offer in-depth coverage of selected steps of the process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans (NAPs).

I. National circumstances, institutional arrangements and legal frameworks

Paragraph 106 of the MPGs requests the following:

106. Each Party should provide the following information, as appropriate:

(a) National circumstances relevant to adaptation actions of Parties, including biogeophysical characteristics, demographics, economy, infrastructure and information on adaptive capacity;

(b) Institutional arrangements and governance, including for assessing impacts, addressing climate change at the sectoral level, decision-making, planning, coordination, addressing cross-cutting issues, adjusting priorities and activities, consultation, participation, implementation, data governance, monitoring and evaluation, and reporting;

Author	Resource	Description	Particular reference to
Adaptation Committee	Draft supplementary guidance for voluntary use by Parties in communicating information in accordance with the possible elements of an adaptation communication (2022)	The guidance orients the preparation of information on national circumstances, institutional arrangements and legal frameworks for ADCOMs, highlighting i.a. key concepts, relevant linkages and resources that can facilitate the preparation of the information (pp. 16-19).	Entire paragraph
	Institutional arrangements for national adaptation planning and implementation (2014)	The document provides information on institutional arrangements for supporting adaptation efforts at national, regional and international levels, accompanied by illustrative case studies.	106 (b)
	Recognizing the adaptation efforts of developing country Parties: Synthesis report on institutional arrangements and stakeholder engagement (forthcoming in 2025)	The synthesis report describes ways in which developing country Parties have made progress in setting up institutional arrangements and in engaging stakeholders in the different elements of the adaptation cycle and at different levels of government, including a range of case studies. It provides lessons and good practice examples on the important role that these two concepts play in enabling adaptation.	106 (b)
African Union Commission	Institutional and Operational Framework for Multi-Hazard Early Warning and Early Action System for Africa (2022)	This document presents the approach to designing and implementing, including through specific institutional arrangements, an end-to-end multi-hazard early warning system for i.a. climate-related hazards for Africa.	106 (b)
CBIT-Global Support Programme	Preparing the adaptation chapter of biennial transparency reports: a template for countries (2025)	This guidebook outlines templates for preparing and structuring the adaptation information for BTRs, including on national circumstances, institutional arrangements and legal frameworks (pp. 24-31).	Entire paragraph
Consultative Group of Experts for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties	CGE Training Material on Reporting Information Related to Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (2023)	Chapter 2 of this training material considers how to report in BTRs on adaptation-related national circumstances, institutional arrangements and legal frameworks, highlighting methodologies, best practices, and in-country examples (pp. 17-23).	Entire paragraph
	Handbook on institutional arrangements to support MRV/transparency of climate action and support (2020)	The handbook provides suggestions on how to report information under the ETF, including on institutional arrangements for adaptation, monitoring and reporting, adaptation actions, and other areas of the ETF (pp. 58–61).	Entire paragraph
GIZ	AdComm-DAT tool	This online tool provides a template in online and offline format for drafting an Adaptation Communication and provides suggestions for information that could be reported on national circumstances, institutional arrangements and legal frameworks.	Entire paragraph
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Technical guidelines for the national adaptation plan process (2012)	These guidelines consider i.a. the role of institutional arrangements and legal and policy frameworks through the different stages of the process to formulate and implement NAPs. They include an annex with examples of legal and policy frameworks and mandated instruments for adaptation planning (pp. 131-132).	(b), (c)
UNFCCC	UNFCCC user manual for the guidelines on NCs from non-Annex I Parties (2003)	This user manual identifies suggestions for reporting on adaptation efforts in NCs, including information on what national circumstances and institutions could cover (pp.14–18).	(b), (c)

II. Impacts, risks and vulnerabilities

Paragraph 107 of the MPGs requests the following:

107. Each Party should provide the following information, as appropriate:

(a) Current and projected climate trends and hazards.
(b) Observed and potential impacts of climate change, including sectoral, economic, social and/or environmental vulnerabilities.
(c) Approaches, methodologies and tools, and associated uncertainties and challenges, in relation to paragraph 107(a) and (b) above.

Author	Resource	Description	Particular relevance to
Adaptation Committee	Draft supplementary guidance for […] an adaptation communication (2022)	This supplementary guidance orients the preparation of information on impacts, risks and vulnerabilities for ADCOMs, highlighting i.a. definitions, relevant linkages and resources that can facilitate the preparation of the information (pp. 19-22).	Entire paragraph
Adaptation Committee	Data for adaptation at different spatial and temporal scales (2020)	This technical paper provides an overview of the categories of climate and socioeconomic data required for effective adaptation throughout the adaptation cycle. It describes the forms in which this data is currently provided at different scales, including observational, projected, and historical data, as well as existing gaps, challenges and opportunities for improving their provision and use.	Entire paragraph
CBIT-Global Support Programme	Preparing the adaptation chapter of biennial transparency reports: a template for countries (2025)	This guidebook outlines templates for preparing and structuring the adaptation information for BTRs, including on climate hazards, impacts, risks and vulnerabilities (pp. 32-35).	Entire paragraph
Consultative Group of Experts for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties	CGE Training Material: Reporting Information Related to Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (2023)	Chapter 3 of this training material reviews assessments of impacts, risks and vulnerabilities including an introduction, models, good practices, and examples (pp. 24-32).	Entire paragraph
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific	Flood Forecasting and Early Warning in Transboundary River Basins: A Toolkit (2016)	This toolkit considers how to use modeling, forecasting and data from different sources for flood forecasting.	(b)
GIZ	AdComm-DAT tool	This online tool provides a template in online and offline format for drafting an Adaptation Communication and provides suggestions for information that could be reported on impacts, vulnerabilities, risks and associated methodologies.	Entire paragraph
IPCC	Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (2022)	The sectoral and regional chapters of this report describe various case studies that can facilitate the preparation of information on this element.	Entire paragraph
IPCC	Technical Guidelines for Assessing Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations (1994)	These technical guidelines focus on steps for assessing impacts and adaptation and provide suggestions related to communication of results of such assessments. The IPCC will update these guidelines as part of its 7^th assessment cycle.	(a), (b)
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Technical guidelines for the national adaptation plan process (2012)	These technical guidelines outlines the general steps in assessing impacts, risks and vulnerabilities (pp. 54-72).	Entire paragraph
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Technical brief: The NAP Data Initiative \| UNFCCC (2025)	The NAP Data Initiative addresses challenges related to limited access to long-term climate data, low technical capacity for data processing in LDCs, and difficulty in archiving and sharing data for future use. It is a collection of tools designed to facilitate access to available data from different sources around the globe and specially tailored to improve adaptation assessment and planning.	(a)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development	Communicating progress in national and global adaptation to climate change (2016)	This report provides an overview of adaptation information – related processes under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement (in ADCOMs, GST, NCs and NDCs), and describes challenges and opportunities as well as five key information elements.
UNEP	PROVIA guidance on Assessing Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change (2013)	This guidance orients users to relevant methods and tools for the assessment of climate change impacts and vulnerability, and for the identification and appraisal of adaptation options.	(b), (c)
UNFCCC	UNFCCC user manual for the guidelines on NCs from non-Annex I Parties (2003)	This user manual identifies suggestions for reporting on adaptation efforts in NCs, including on what information on vulnerability analysis could cover (pp.14–18).	Entire paragraph
UN-Habitat	Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Manual (2018)	The manual aims to help national and local officials to assess vulnerabilities at the township level.	(b)
WHO	Climate Change and Health Toolkit (2021)	The toolkit comprises a guidebook and checklists for assessing climate vulnerabilities in the health sector.	(b)
WMO	Climate Services for Supporting Climate Change Adaptation - Supplement to the Technical Guidelines for the National Adaptation Plan Process (2016)	These supplementary guidelines provide an overview of the process to formulate and implement NAPs, the ways in which climate services can support NAPs, and the role of national meteor- and hydrological services to support climate services for NAPs.	Entire paragraph
WIM Executive Committee	Technical guide on sea level rise (2025)	This technical guide helps to enhance a common understanding of drivers and impacts from sea level rise, and systemically manage the impacts, and anticipate the risks, of slow onset events. It contains examples of projected risks and impacts and steps that can be taken to respond to these risks promptly, taking into account regional particularities, traditional knowledge and local practice. It serves as a resource to enhance the understanding of the multifaceted challenges posed by sea level rise on communities and the environment. Chapter 4 of this technical guide highlights approaches to averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with sea level rise.	Entire paragraph

III. Adaptation priorities and barriers

Paragraph 108 of the MPGs requests the following:

108. Each Party should provide the following information, as appropriate:

(a) Domestic priorities and progress towards these priorities;
(b) Adaptation challenges and gaps and barriers to adaptation.

Author	Resource	Description	Particular relevance to
Adaptation Committee	Draft supplementary guidance for […] an adaptation communication (2022)	This supplementary guidance provides information related to adaptation challenges, barriers and gaps is provided in context of guidance for preparing information on implementation of adaptation actions and plans (section E / paragraph 68).	(b)
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program	Gaps and Needs Analysis (2022)	This report includes information on adaptation barriers and gaps in Central Asian countries, along with recommendations to enhance adaptation (pp. 16-23).	(b)
CBIT-Global Support Programme	Preparing the adaptation chapter of biennial transparency reports: a template for countries (2025)	This guidebook outlines templates for preparing and structuring the adaptation information for BTRs, including on adaptation priorities and barrier (pp. 36-38).	Entire paragraph
Consultative Group of Experts for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties	CGE Training Material: Reporting Information Related to Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (2023)	Chapter 4 of this training material provides an overview of adaptation priorities and barriers as identified by countries (pp. 36-44).	Entire paragraph
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Technical guidelines for the national adaptation plan process (2012)	These guidelines provide information on stocktaking of gaps and addressing them (pp. 38-46).	(b)
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Gaps and needs related to the process to formulate and implement National Adaptation Plans \| UNFCCC (2021)	This technical brief presents the compilation of gaps and needs of the least developed countries related to the process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans and the needs related to adaptation arising from the Paris Agreement.	(b)
Paris Committee on Capacity-Building	Toolkit to assess capacity building gaps and needs to implement the Paris Agreement (2019)	This toolkit provides a collection of resources and experiences of use related to the capacity assessment process. (pp. 15-37).	(b)

IV. Adaptation strategies, policies, plans, goals and actions to integrate adaptation into national policies and strategies

Paragraph 109 of the MPGs requests the following:

109. Each Party should provide the following information, as appropriate:

(a) Implementation of adaptation actions in accordance with the global goal for adaptation, as set out in Article 7, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement;
(b) Adaptation goals, actions, objectives, undertakings, efforts, plans (e.g. national adaptation plans and subnational plans), strategies, policies, priorities (e.g. priority sectors, priority regions or integrated plans for coastal management, water and agriculture), programmes and efforts to build resilience;
(c) How best available science, gender perspectives and indigenous, traditional and local knowledge are integrated into adaptation;
(d) Development priorities related to climate change adaptation and impacts;
(e) Any adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans leading to mitigation co-benefits;
(f) Efforts to integrate climate change into development efforts, plans, policies and programming, including related capacity-building activities;
(g) Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation;
(h) Stakeholder involvement, including subnational, community-level and private sector plans, priorities, actions and programmes.

Author	Resource	Description	Particular relevance to
Adaptation Committee	Draft supplementary guidance for […] an adaptation communication (2022)	This supplementary guidance considers the preparation of information on national adaptation priorities, strategies, policies, plans, goals and actions for adaptation communications, highlighting i.a. definitions, relevant linkages and resources that can facilitate the preparation of the information (pp. 22-24).	Entire paragraph
		Also contains guidance in relation to adaptation actions and/or economic diversification plans, including those that result in mitigation co-benefits (pp. 37-39).	(e)
	Technologies for adaptation: innovation, priorities and needs in agriculture, water resources and coastal zones (2022)	This technical paper breaks down technologies and approaches to adaptation in three key sectors (agriculture, water resources and coastal zones), exploring emerging and innovative solutions.	(b)
	Information paper on linkages between adaptation and mitigation (2022)	This information paper elaborates on adaptation-mitigation linkages and on their interrelationship with sustainable development, with the purpose of increasing understanding of how linkages have been addressed under the UNFCCC, including associated synergies and trade-offs.	(e)
	Progress, good practices and lessons learned, challenges and opportunities in the application of traditional knowledge, knowledge of Indigenous Peoples and local knowledge systems in adaptation (2024)	The policy brief provides information on good practices, lessons learned, challenges and opportunities in the application of traditional knowledge, knowledge of Indigenous Peoples and local knowledge systems (TILKS) in adaptation, to inform practitioners and policymakers in their adaptation planning and implementation efforts.	(c)
	Progress, good practices and lessons learned in prioritizing and incorporating gender-responsive adaptation action (2023)	The policy brief describes recent trends in adaptation research and action regarding the gender-specific impacts of climate change and the application of gender-responsive approaches to adaptation. It points out gaps and challenges as well as opportunities and good practices that governments and other stakeholders have identified.	(c)
	Efforts of developing countries in assessing and meeting the costs of adaptation: Lessons learned and good practices (2022)	The synthesis report describes progress of developing country Parties in assessing and meeting the costs of adaptation and the different approaches applied. It synthesizes relevant lessons, insights, and good practices.	(a), (b)
	Recognizing the adaptation efforts of developing country Parties: Synthesis report on institutional arrangements and stakeholder engagement (forthcoming in 2025)	The synthesis report describes ways in which developing country Parties have made progress in setting up institutional arrangements and in engaging stakeholders in the different elements of the adaptation cycle and at different levels of government, including a range of case studies. It provides lessons and good practice examples on the important role that these two concepts play in enabling adaptation.	(h)
	Toolkit for engaging the private sector in NAPs (2020)	The toolkit describes approaches and methods that may assist countries in developing strategies to systematically engage private sector actors in their national adaptation plan (NAP) process.	(h)
	Opportunities and options for enhancing adaptation actions and supporting their implementation: reducing vulnerability and mainstreaming adaptation (2016)	The technical paper provides an initial exploration of opportunities and options for reducing vulnerability and mainstreaming climate change adaptation, including through the process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans as identified by Parties and non-Party stakeholders through their practical experiences.	(f)
CBIT-Global Support Programme	Preparing the adaptation chapter of biennial transparency reports: a template for countries (2025)	This guidebook outlines templates for preparing and structuring the adaptation information for BTRs, including on adaptation policy processes and actions as well as integrating gender perspectives and indigenous, traditional and local knowledge into adaptation (pp. 38-54).	(h)
Consultative Group of Experts for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties	Handbook on institutional arrangements to support MRV/ transparency of climate action and support (2020)	The handbook provides suggestions on how to report information under the transparency framework (pp. 58–61). It describes how reports involve stakeholder cooperation, how they are sustainable or could be made so and how they are integrated with adaptation strategies and environmental goals; and to include gender-disaggregated data.	(c), (h)
	CGE Training Material: Reporting Information Related to Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (2023)	Chapter 5 of this training material considers how to report in BTRs on adaptation strategies, policies, plans, goals and actions to integrate adaptation into national policies and strategies and provides examples (pp. 46-52).	Entire paragraph
GIZ	AdComm-DAT tool	This online tool provides a template in online and offline format for drafting an Adaptation Communication and provides suggestions for information that could be reported on national adaptation priorities, strategies, policies, plans, goals and actions.	Entire paragraph
GIZ	Aligning National Adaptation Plan Processes to Development and Budget Planning (2014)	NAP Align is an analysis tool designed to help countries align their national adaptation plan (NAP) processes with their overall national development goals. It forms a supplement to the NAP technical guidelines developed by the Least Developed Countries Expert Group and provides further details of several steps outlined in the technical guidelines. NAP Align highlights the importance of taking both the planning procedures and the budgeting framework of the country into consideration in the earliest stages of the NAP process.	(d), (f)
Indigenous Peoples of Africa Coordinating Committee	An introduction to integrating African Indigenous & Traditional Knowledge in National Adaptation Plans, Programmes of Action, Platforms and Policies (2016)	This document is intended to supplement the NAP technical guidelines and help with incorporating indigenous and traditional knowledge into reporting under the UNFCCC, plans and other instruments effectively, meaningfully and respectfully.	(c)
Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform Facilitative Working Group	Analysis of gaps in existing policies, actions and communications under the Convention: whether and how they incorporate consideration and engagement of indigenous peoples and local communities (2021)	This technical paper maps existing policies, actions and communications under the UNFCCC with respect to their consideration and engagement of local communities and indigenous peoples and outlines gaps.	(c)
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Technical guidelines for the national adaptation plan process (2012)	These technical guidelines provide recommendations for prioritizing adaptation in national planning and developing a long-term adaptation implementation strategy.	Entire paragraph
	Strengthening gender considerations in adaptation planning and implementation in the least developed countries \| UNFCCC (2015)	The main focus of this paper is to provide views and experiences on strengthening gender consideration in adaptation planning and implementation in the least developed countries (LDCs).	(c)
	Regional synergy in addressing adaptation through the national adaptation programmes of action and the process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans in the least developed countries \| UNFCCC (2015)	The paper presents the rationale for regional synergy in addressing adaptation, and the institutional arrangements established under the Convention to support or promote regional synergy in the least developed countries (LDCs).	(b)
	Considerations regarding vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems in the context of National Adaptation Plans \| UNFCCC (2018)	This paper develops technical guidance on the consideration of vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems in the formulation an implementation of NAPs.	(c)
	Open NAPs Policy Brief \| UNFCCC (2019)	The initiative addresses operational questions and capacity gaps, leveraging a wide range of global expertise through "crowd-sourcing" to develop effective adaptation solutions.	(b), (d), (f)
	Toolkit for a gender-responsive process to formulate and implement National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) \| UNFCCC (2019)	This toolkit is designed to support country efforts to pursue a gender-responsive NAP process.	(c)
	Regional approaches to adaptation planning and implementation \| UNFCCC (2022)	This paper provides technical guidance on regional approaches to adaptation planning and implementation, focusing on both the regional level and the process of formulating and implementing NAPs. The paper highlights existing regional programmes and projects, strategies for implementing regional approaches, and explores pathways to integrate these into national efforts.	(b)
NAP Global Network	Vertical Integration in National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Process (2016)	The guidance note recognizes the value of sub-national authorities and local organizations and outlines recommendations for how to enhance vertical integration throughout the NAP process.	(b)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development	Communicating progress in national and global adaptation to climate change (2016)	This report provides an overview of adaptation information – related processes under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement (in ADCOMs, GST, NCs and NDCs), and describes challenges and opportunities as well as five key information elements, including adaptation plans.
Southern Voices	Civil-Society Guide to the LEG/NAP Technical Guidelines (2014)	This guide explains the NAP guidelines for a civil society audience, highlighting the inclusion of various stakeholders. The main purpose is to help civil society actors understand the processes that governments may be following, in order to be able to engage with them constructively and influence the outcome.	(h)
SPREP, Kiwa Initiative and IUCN	Integrating Gender Equity, Disability and Social Inclusion in Nature-based Solutions for Climate Adaptation Principles, Case Studies and Lessons Learned (2025)	This report considers how gender, disability and inclusion can be considered in the design of nature-based adaptation solutions, identifying seven guiding principles, nine case studies, and recommendations.	(c), (g)
UNDP	Toolkit for gender-responsive national communications (2015)	This toolkit is designed to help incorporate gender and equality considerations into national communications.	(c)
UNEP	Guidelines for Integrating Ecosystem-based Adaptation into National Adaptation Plans: Supplement to the UNFCCC NAP Technical Guidelines (2021)	These guidelines provide case studies for countries looking to adopt ecosystem and nature-based approaches when planning for climate-resilient development and when selecting and implementing adaptation options.	(g)
UNFCCC	UNFCCC user manual for the guidelines on NCs from non-Annex I Parties (2003)	This user manual identifies suggestions for reporting on adaptation efforts in NCs, including on adaptation efforts (pp.14–18).	Entire paragraph
UNFCCC	Technical paper on the concept of economic diversification in the context of response measures (2016)	This technical paper outlines work under the UNFCCC on economic diversification and related policy options, and highlights tools and methods for measuring economic diversification.	(e)
WIM Executive Committee	Technical guide on integrating human mobility and climate change linkages into relevant national climate change processes (2024)	This technical guide presents a step-by-step guide for incorporating the topic of human mobility-related challenges and opportunities into relevant national climate change planning processes, in particular, the NAP process.	(f)
	Technical guide on sea level rise (2025)	This technical guide provides information on the main impacts of sea level rise and different types of approaches for accommodating them to reduce vulnerability, increase resilience and curb residual risk, one of which focuses on the nature-based adaptation and ecosystem restoration.	(f), (g)
	Technical paper on non-economic losses (2024)	This paper explores non-economic losses related to biodiversity and ecosystem services, territory and habitability, among other things. The paper addresses their overlapping impacts on socio-ecological systems and describes how biodiversity and ecosystem service losses cascade beyond ecosystems, affecting livelihoods, security, health, well-being, dignity, and identity. It describes associated actions that can be taken, such as livelihood diversification, community training, nature-based solutions, and ecosystem-based approaches.	(c), (f)
	Technical guide on integrating human mobility and climate change linkages into relevant national climate change processes (2024)	This technical guide presents a step-by-step guide for incorporating the topic of human mobility-related challenges and opportunities into relevant national climate change planning processes, in particular, the NAP process.	(f)

V. Progress on implementation of adaptation

Paragraphs 110 and 111 of the MPGs request the following:

110. Each Party should provide the following information, as appropriate, on progress in:

(a) Implementation of the actions identified in chapter IV.D above;
(b) Steps taken to formulate, implement, publish and update national and regional programmes; strategies and measures, policy frameworks (e.g. national adaptation plans) and other relevant information;
(c) Implementation of adaptation actions identified in current and past adaptation communications, including efforts towards meeting adaptation needs, as appropriate;
(d) Implementation of adaptation actions identified in the adaptation component of NDCs, as applicable;
(e) Coordination activities and changes in regulation, policies and planning.

111. Developing country Parties may also include information on, as appropriate, implementation of supported adaptation actions, and the effectiveness of already implemented adaptation measures.

(Note: the resources identified in the following section (VI. Monitoring and evaluation of adaptation actions and processes) can also facilitate understanding Progress on adaptation)

Author	Resource	Description	Particular relevance to
Adaptation Committee	Draft supplementary guidance for […] an adaptation communication (2022)	This supplementary guidance considers how to prepare information on implementation of adaptation actions and plans for adaptation communications, highlighting i.a. definitions, relevant linkages and resources that can facilitate the preparation of the information (pp. 30-37).	Entire paragraphs 110 and 111
Adaptation Committee	Technical paper on approaches to reviewing overall progress in achieving the global goal on adaptation (2021)	This technical paper provides an overview of literature relevant to reviewing progress towards the global goal on adaptation, describes existing systems and approaches for reviewing adaptation progress at different levels and discusses the landscape of methodologies and overarching considerations.	Entire paragraphs 110 and 111
Consultative Group of Experts for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties	CGE Training Material: Reporting Information Related to Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (2023)	Chapter 6 of this training materials includes details on progress on implementation of adaptation such as assessing effectiveness, maladaptation, connection to SDGs, good practices, and examples (pp. 53-59).	Entire paragraphs 110 and 111
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Technical guidelines for the national adaptation plan process (2012)	Chapter 6 of these guidelines covers implementation strategies, including the prioritization of adaptation, the development a long-term strategy, and the promotion of coordination across different levels (pp. 90-100).	110 (a), (b), (e)
	Monitoring and assessing progress, effectiveness and gaps under the process to formulate and implement National Adaptation Plans: The PEG M&E tool (2015)	The PEG M&E tool defines a set of metrics to monitor and assess the process to formulate and implement NAPs.	110 (a), (b), (e)
	PA-ALIGN-Supporting the LDCs in the effective and efficient implementation of the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement \| UNFCCC (2022)	This technical brief provides a summary of the PA‐Align tool which aims for least developed countries (LDCs) to effectively and efficiently navigate and address the implementation of many elements of the Paris Agreement.	110 (e)
	Efforts of the Least Developed Countries in Implementing Adaptation Projects under the national adaptation programmes of action, national adaptation plans and related programmes through the financial mechanism of the Convention and the Paris Agreement \| UNFCCC (2023)	This synthesis report provides evidence of the efforts of the LDCs in implementing adaptation over the past twenty years. It also outlines key recommendations for designing future adaptation projects.	111
	Policy brief: Aligning National Adaptation Plans, Nationally Determined Contributions and Adaptation Communications \| UNFCCC (2024)	This paper is aimed at providing an overview of the linkages between NAPs, NDCs and adaptation communications. It discusses the benefits and recommendations for their alignment including the BTRs.	110 (d)
UNFCCC	Opportunities and options for enhancing adaptation actions and supporting their implementation: reducing vulnerability and mainstreaming adaptation (2016)	This technical paper explores opportunities and options for reducing vulnerability and mainstreaming adaptation, including through NAPs.	Entire paragraph 110

VI. Monitoring and evaluation of adaptation actions and processes

Paragraphs 112, 113 and 114 of the MPGs request the following:

112. In order to enhance their adaptation actions and to facilitate reporting, as appropriate, each Party should report on the establishment or use of domestic systems to monitor and evaluate the implementation of adaptation actions. Parties should report on approaches and systems for monitoring and evaluation, including those in place or under development.

113. Each Party should provide the following information, as appropriate, related to monitoring and evaluation:

(a) Achievements, impacts, resilience, review, effectiveness and results;
(b) Approaches and systems used, and their outputs;
(c) Assessment of and indicators for:
            (i) How adaptation increased resilience and reduced impacts;
          (ii) When adaptation is not sufficient to avert impacts;
          (iii) How effective implemented adaptation measures are;
(d) Implementation, in particular on:
            (i) Transparency of planning and implementation;
          (ii) How support programmes meet specific vulnerabilities and adaptation needs;
            (iii) How adaptation actions influence other development goals;
            (iv) Good practices, experience and lessons learned from policy and regulatory changes, actions and coordination mechanisms.

114. Each Party should provide information related to the effectiveness and sustainability of adaptation actions, as appropriate, including information on:

(a) Ownership, stakeholder engagement, alignment of adaptation actions to national and subnational policies, and replicability;
(b) The results of adaptation actions and the sustainability of those results.

Author	Resource	Description	Particular relevance to
Adaptation Committee	Draft supplementary guidance for […] an adaptation communication (2022)	This supplementary guidance highlights considerations related to preparing information on monitoring and evaluation of adaptation for adaptation communications, highlighting i.a. definitions, relevant linkages and resources that can facilitate the preparation of the information (pp. 30-37).	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
Adaptation Committee	Methodologies for reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation and support. Reference paper by the AC and the LEG, in collaboration with the SCF (2023)	The reference paper comprises a compilation of methodologies and their application at different levels. It provides lessons learned, gaps and challenges and outlines opportunities in drawing on and refining the existing methodologies and in conducting additional work with a view to informing and shaping the global review over time.	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
CBIT-Global Support Programme	Preparing the adaptation chapter of biennial transparency reports: a template for countries (2025)	This guidebook outlines templates for preparing and structuring the adaptation information for BTRs, including on monitoring, evaluation, and learning (pp. 54-58).	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
Consultative Group of Experts for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties	CGE Training Material: Reporting Information Related to Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (2023)	Chapter 7 of this training material provides suggestions for reporting on monitoring and evaluation of adaptation in BTRs, as well as related institutional arrangements in Chapter 7 (pp. 61-70).	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
European Environment Agency	Monitoring and evaluation of national adaptation policies throughout the policy cycle (2020)	This guidebook provides definitions examples, approaches and lessons learned related to monitoring and evaluation of adaptation.	Entire paragraph 112
GIZ	AdComm-DAT tool	This online tool provides a template in online and offline format for drafting an Adaptation Communication and provides suggestions for information that could be reported in relation to monitoring and evaluation.	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
GIZ and International Institute for Sustainable Development in collaboration with the Adaptation Committee and the Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Developing national adaptation monitoring and evaluation systems: A guidebook (2015)	This guidebook outlines four building blocks of national adaptation monitoring and evaluation systems and guides countries through a series of key questions to develop a monitoring and evaluation system for NAPs.	Entire paragraph 112
IPCC	Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (2022)	Chapter 17 of the report describes advantages, opportunities and challenges related to monitoring and evaluation of adaptation and identifies several existing guidebooks for monitoring and evaluation.	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Technical guidelines for the national adaptation plan process (2012)	These guidelines provide technical guidance for the entire NAP process, including monitoring, evaluation and learning activities (pp. 104-114).	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Monitoring and assessing progress, effectiveness and gaps under the process to formulate and implement National Adaptation Plans: The PEG M&E tool (2015)	This tool describes a set of generic metrics that can be applied to the ten essential functions that the LEG has established for the process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans (NAPs). The ten essential functions encapsulate the main expected outcomes of the process and the metrics may serve to monitor and assess progress and effectiveness, and to identify gaps and needs to further improve the process.
NAP Global Network and UNFCCC secretariat	Toolkit for Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning for National Adaptation Plan Processes (2024)	This toolkit is a step-by-step guide for the development of national adaptation monitoring, evaluation and learning systems, and includes practical country case studies.	Entire paragraph 112
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development	Insights from national adaptation monitoring and evaluation systems (2017)	This report provides insights into current national approaches to monitoring and evaluation in the context of international climate negotiations.	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development	Communicating progress in national and global adaptation to climate change (2016)	This report provides an overview of adaptation information – related processes under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement (ADCOMs, GST, NCs and NDCs), and describes challenges and opportunities as well as five key information elements, including monitoring and evaluation and the use of indicators.	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
UNEP DTU and ICAT	Reporting adaptation through the biennial transparency report: a practical explanation of the guidance (2020)	This report provides suggestions for how Parties can report on adaptation in their BTRs, including on results achieved, the use of indicators, and monitoring and evaluation systems.	Entire paragraphs 112, 113, 114
UNFCCC	Opportunities and options for enhancing adaptation planning in relation to vulnerable ecosystems, communities and groups (2018)	This report considers adaptation planning specifically related to vulnerable ecosystems, communities, and groups (pp. 6-9).	113 (d) (iii)

VII. Information related to averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with climate change impacts

Paragraph 115 of the MPGs requests the following:

115. Each interested Party may provide, as appropriate, information related to enhancing understanding, action and support, on a cooperative and facilitative basis, to avert, minimize and address loss and damage associated with climate change impacts, taking into account projected changes in climate-related risks, vulnerabilities, adaptive capacities and exposure, including, as appropriate, on:

(a) Observed and potential climate change impacts, including those related to extreme weather events and slow onset events, drawing upon the best available science;
(b) Activities related to averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change;
(c) Institutional arrangements to facilitate the implementation of activities reported under paragraph 115(b) above.

Author	Resource	Description	Particular relevance to
CBIT-Global Support Programme	Preparing the adaptation chapter of biennial transparency reports: a template for countries (2025)	This guidebook outlines templates for preparing and structuring the adaptation information for BTRs, including on loss and damage (pp. 58-69 and p. 76).	Entire paragraph
Consultative Group of Experts for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties	CGE Training Material: Reporting Information Related to Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (2023)	Chapter 8 of this training material focuses on loss and damage, including models, good practices, types of information and data needed to report on loss and damage, and country examples (pp. 73-82).	Entire paragraph
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean	Handbook for Disaster Assessments (2014)	This handbook introduces approaches for assessing the impacts, including quantified ones, of disasters on assets and economic flows across different sectors, as well as the economic, social and environmental impacts of disasters.	Entire paragraph
UNEP	Loss & Damage – Chapter 5 in the Adaptation Gap Report 2023	This chapter provides an introduction and conceptualization of loss and damage, as well as options to address it.	(b)
WIM Executive Committee	Technologies for Averting, Minimizing and Addressing Loss and Damage in Coastal Zones (2020)	The policy brief, jointly developed with the TEC, provides information on an array of technologies – hardware, software, and orgware – currently available to assess and reduce risks of impacts of climate change in coastal zones, and approaches to coastal rehabilitation in relation to loss and damage (pp. 55-66).	(b)
	Compendium of Comprehensive Risk Management Approaches, Volume 2 (forthcoming 2025)	It provides a comprehensive framework for integrating risk-informed decision-making into climate action, outlining pre-emptive action, contingency arrangements, managing impacts, transformative action and governance. Case studies illustrates intervention ranging from risk management to responses to losses and damages that have occurred.	Entire paragraph
	Case studies of projects funded by the Green Climate Fund in relation to the strategic workstreams of the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss and damage	The report analyzes a selection of projects financed through the GCF to highlight a range of existing approaches for anticipating and responding to loss and damage as they relate to the workstreams of the WIM. A comprehensive risk management perspective is applied to identify the various actions in the context of loss and damage.	Entire paragraph
	Technical paper on non-economic losses: featuring loss of territory and habitability, ecosystem services and biodiversity, and cultural heritage	The paper provides an overview of the specific needs and challenges in monitoring and reporting a series of non-economic losses (NELs) associated with biodiversity and ecosystem services, territory and habitability, and cultural heritage. The paper provides the details of specific type of NELs and outlines the range of actions for aniticipate and respond them.	(a), (b)
	Technical guide on sea level rise	This technical guide serves as a resource to enhance the understanding of the multifaceted challenges posed by sea level rise on communities and the environment. Chapter 4 of this technical guide features a range of approaches for responding to loss and damage associated with sea level rise, categorized into protective measures, accommodative strategies, and managed retreat solutions. It describes each of these categories and presents a range of solutions, such as coastal armoring, social protection instruments, and strategic relocation.	(a), (b)
	Technical guide on integrating human mobility and climate change linkages into relevant national climate change processes (2024)	This technical guide presents a step-by-step guide for incorporating the topic of human mobility-related challenges and opportunities into relevant national climate change planning processes, in particular, the NAP process.	Entire paragraph
	Voluntary guidelines for enhancing collection and management of data and information relevant to loss and damage to inform the preparation of BTRs (forthcoming in Q4, 2025)	These guidelines will provide the variety of ways in which loss and damage as well as actions to respond to them can be understood and reported, taking into account the varying national and regional contexts. The guidelines intend to cover the entire MPGs as they relate to loss and damage reporting, therefore will contain ways in which information on institutional arrangements that facilitate implementation can be reported. The guidelines will also provide practical data sources, good practices for collecting and managing data and processes for reporting on relevant activities in synergistic and complementary manner to the country’s adaptation reporting. It will also contain a section on information on potential sources for support for preparing BTRs as relate to loss and damage.	Entire paragraph

VIII. Cooperation, good practices, and lessons learned

Paragraph 116 of the MPGs requests the following:

116. Each Party should provide the following information, as appropriate, related to cooperation, good practices, experience and lessons learned:

(a) Efforts to share information, good practices, experience and lessons learned, including as they relate to:
            (i) Science, planning and policies relevant to adaptation;
            (ii) Policy innovations and pilot and demonstration projects;
            (iii) Integration of adaptation actions into planning at different levels;
            (iv) Cooperation to share information and to strengthen science, institutions and adaptation;
            (v) Area, scale and types of cooperation and good practices;
            (vi) Improving durability and effectiveness of adaptation actions;
            (vii) Helping developing countries identify effective adaptation practices, needs, priorities, and challenges and gaps, in such a way that is consistent with encouraging good practices;
(b) Strengthening scientific research and knowledge related to:
            (i) Climate, including research and systematic observation and early warning systems, to inform climate services and decision-making;
            (ii) Vulnerability and adaptation;
            (iii) Monitoring and evaluation.

Author	Resource	Description	Particular relevance to
Adaptation Committee	Draft supplementary guidance for […] an adaptation communication (2022)	This supplementary guidance highlights considerations for preparing information on implementation of adaptation actions and plans for adaptation communications, highlighting i.a. definitions, relevant links and resources that can facilitate the preparation of the information. This includes information on good practices and lessons learned (pp. 30-37).	Entire paragraph
	How developing countries are addressing hazards, focusing on relevant lessons learned and good practices (2020)	This report outlines good practices for adaptation efforts and identifies hazard-specific best practices (i.e. floods, drought, etc.) (pp. 8-13).	(a), (a) (vii)
	Report on the workshop on experiences, good practices, lessons learned, gaps and needs in the process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans (2015)	This report summarizes the presentations and discussions at the workshop where least developed countries shared experiences developing National Adaptation Plans.	(a)
CBIT-Global Support Programme	Preparing the adaptation chapter of biennial transparency reports: a template for countries (2025)	This guidebook outlines templates for preparing and structuring the adaptation information for BTRs, including on cooperation and knowledge sharing related to adaptation (pp. 69-72).	Entire paragraph
Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de los Desastres en América Central y República Dominicana (CEPREDENAC)	Política Centroamericana de Gestión Integral de Riesgo de Desastres (2017) (in Spanish)	This report considers, i.a. good practices for mainstreaming adaptation across disaster risk reduction efforts and environmental sectors, as well as for engaging with stakeholders (pp. 19-21).	(a) (iii)
Consultative Group of Experts for National Communications of non-Annex I Parties	CGE Training Material: Reporting Information Related to Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation (2023)	Chapter 9 of this training material reviews options for reporting on cooperation, good practices, experience and lessons learned as well as a regional synthesis of climate-resilient development (pp. 85-90).	Entire paragraph
Group on Earth Observations (GEO)	Integrating earth observations into the formulation and implementation of national adaptation plans (2022)	This first edition of the GEO supplementary technical guidelines on NAPs addresses earth observations solutions to agriculture and food security-related challenges.	(b) (i)
IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre	Impact-based flood forecasting in Greater Horn of Africa (2024)	This article describes an impact-based riverine flood forecasting and early warning system, which is operational and supports the AU Commission and IGAD’s Disaster Operation Center.	(b) (i)
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Best practices and lessons learned, Volume 1 (2011) Best practices and lessons learned, Volume 2 (2012) Best practices and lessons learned, Volume 3 (2015)	The best practices and lessons learned publications are a series of publications produced by the LEG, to showcase best practices and lessons learned through the NAPA, NAPs and other adaptation initiatives in LDCs.	Entire paragraph
Least Developed Countries Expert Group	Efforts of the least developed countries in accessing funding for the process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans \| UNFCCC (2025)	The report reflects on the LDCs’ experience, best practices, challenges, gaps and needs in relation to accessing funding and sets out possible recommendations for further supporting the LDCs.
NAP Global Network	Vertical Integration in National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Process (2016)	The guidance note recognizes the value of sub-national authorities and local organizations, outlines recommendations for how to enhance vertical integration throughout the NAP process, and identifies relevant lessons learned.	(a) (iii)
UNFCCC	Methodologies for assessing adaptation needs and their application - Technical paper (2022)	This technical paper on methodologies for assessing adaptation needs and their application includes a section on gaps, good practices, lessons learned and guidelines (pp. 30-43).	(a), (b)
WIM Executive Committee	Case studies of projects funded by the Green Climate Fund in relation to the strategic workstreams of the Warsaw International Mechanism for loss and damage (2024)	The report analyzes a selection of approved GCF adaptation projects to highlight the range of activities for reducing loss and damage, covering different geographical regions and climate change hazards associated with slow onset events and extreme weather events.	(a)
WIM Executive Committee	Compendium of Comprehensive Risk Management Approaches, Volume 2 (2025)	It provides, inter alia, a collection of exiting practices in diverse regions to illustrate how tailored interventions can strengthen resilience against hazards such as droughts, floods, heatwaves, and rising sea levels.	(a)
WMO	Developing the Climate Science Information for Climate Action (2021)	The purpose of this publication and associated resources is to provide the international community of adaptation practitioners with access to new climate information, tools, and guidance to develop the scientific basis for climate action decisions, particularly for climate adaptation and resilience projects.	(b) (i)