Background
At CMA 7, Parties decided to hold deliberations under the Veredas Dialogue on the implementation of Article 2, paragraph 1(c), of the Paris Agreement and its complementarity with Article 9 of the Paris Agreement, building on the Sharm el-Sheikh dialogue and taking into account concerns and safeguards identified in paragraph 3 of the same decision (11/CMA.7, para 10). The President of CMA7, in consultation with respective constituencies, has appointed Ms. Debra-Lee Swanepoel (South Africa) and Ms. Ralien Bekkers (The Netherlands) as co-chairs for 2026.
At least one meeting of the Veredas Dialogue is to be organized in conjunction with the first regular sessions of the subsidiary bodies (SB) of the year.
The co-chairs are requested to produce an annual report for consideration at CMA 8, which will include all deliberations under the Veredas Dialogue, including the Xingu Finance Talks annual high-level roundtable (Decision 11/CMA.7, para 19 and para 13).
Format and Participation
The meeting will take place on 9 and 10 June for one-and-a-half days (three sessions) in the World Conference Center Bonn (WCCB) in Bonn, Germany. The meeting will be open to Party and non-Party stakeholders for on-site participation. The meeting is being held in conjunction with the sixty-fourth session of the SBs from 8 to 18 June 2026. To be able to attend the meeting, interested participants are asked to promptly submit the online registration form for on-site participation of the SBs. To ensure inclusive and broader participation, the dialogue will be held in a hybrid format, enabling virtual participation. As mandated, the dialogue will have webcast.
Engagement and interaction with a broad range of stakeholders in the meetings continues to be a central aspect to the organization of work in 2026, in accordance with the mandate. The co-chairs, with the support of the secretariat, are committed to ensure inclusiveness through participation and engagement opportunities in the meetings and to elicit case-studies and best-practices examples relevant to all Parties, geographic and socio-economic contexts.
Theme and approach
Building on the Sharm el-Sheikh dialogue over 2023-2025, including the 2025 annual report by the co-chairs of the Sharm el-Sheikh Dialogue, and the views expressed by Parties and non-Party stakeholders in their submissions and subsequent consultations, the co-chairs of the Veredas Dialogue have identified the overarching approach and themes of discussion for the Veredas Dialogue in 2026, as outlined below. A more detailed plan for the Veredas Dialogue process in 2026 is entailed in the co-chairs’ 2026 Workplan.
The Veredas Dialogue will focus on the practical and facilitative exchange of views on the implementation of Article 2, paragraph 1(c) of the Paris Agreement and its complementarity with Article 9 of the Paris Agreement.
The meeting of the Veredas Dialogue will build on concrete case-studies and interactive, expert-facilitated discussions, to provide an opportunity for all Parties and stakeholders to exchange on implementation approaches to Article 2, paragraph 1 (c), of the Paris Agreement and its complementarity with Article 9 of the Paris Agreement. The meeting aims to share experiences, best-practice examples, as well opportunities and challenges in implementation, taking into account in a cross-cutting manner the concerns and safeguards expressed in Decision 11/CMA.7, para 3. The two main themes of discussion are:
-
- Session 2.1 & 2.2: Nationally determined implementation of Article 2, paragraph 1(c) and its complementarity with Article 9
- Session 3: International dimensions of implementing Article 2, paragraph 1(c) and its complementarity with Article 9
The provisional programme below presents the themes and subtopics for discussion at the meeting in further detail, including guiding questions.
In the spirit of an inclusive, and implementation-focused dialogue, Parties and stakeholders are encouraged to consider participation of or consult with technical experts from their government or institution that are relevant to the thematic sessions of the meeting, such as finance ministry representatives, central bank, regulators, national development bank, and other government and non-government actors. In addition, interested Parties and stakeholders are welcome to share relevant case studies with the co-chairs in advance of the meeting, via the UNFCCC Secretariat.
Provisional programme
| Time |
Theme |
Duration |
Content |
Speakers |
Day 1 - 9th June
15:00 - 18:00, Room Genf
|
| 15:00-15:30 |
1) Opening Session |
30 minutes |
- Introductory remarks
- Background on the Veredas Dialogue
- Programme and approach for 2026
|
- Co-Chairs
- UNFCCC
- COP30 Presidency
|
| 15:30-16:00 |
2.1) Nationally determined implementation of Article 2.1(c) and its complementarity with Article 9 |
30 minutes |
Examples of nationally determined approaches to implement Article 2, paragraph 1(c) and its complementarity with Article 9 (Policies and instruments)
- Case study 1: Policy frameworks, such as NDC finance frameworks or climate investment strategies, which enable public and private finance flows consistent with national climate goals and just transition pathways
(Country example)
- Case study 2: Financial tools and instruments orienting public and private finance flows towards low GHG emissions and climate resilient development pathways
(Country example)
- Case study 3: Public finance mechanisms for scaling up private capital towards national pathways, including by leveraging grants and concessional finance
(External expert)
|
|
| 16:00-17:30 |
90 minutes |
Expert-facilitated breakouts
- GQ1: What concrete policies, instruments, tools, financial strategies and/or enabling conditions can be deployed in different contexts to scale up finance flows consistent with low GHG emissions and climate resilient development pathways? What are lessons from implementation to date, what has been successful in your country context, and what barriers remain to effective implementation?
- GQ2: What are successful approaches and innovative instruments in different country contexts for mobilizing private capital towards country-led climate and development goals, including through effectively leveraging grants and concessional finance?
GQ3: What methods, engagement, inclusion and consultation strategies can be deployed to address socio-economic, local and real economy impacts of policy measures? |
- Experts
- All WS participants
- UNFCCC staff
|
| 17:30-18:00 |
30 minutes |
Reporting back and outlook for Day 2 |
|
Day 2 - 10th June
10:00 - 13:00 & 15:00 - 18:00, Room Genf
|
| 10:00-10:05 |
Opening of Day 2 |
|
Overview of Day 2 |
|
| 10:05-10:45 |
2.2) Nationally determined implementation of Article 2.1(c) and its complementarity with Article 9 |
30 minutes |
Examples of nationally determined approaches to implement Article 2, paragraph 1(c) and its complementarity with Article 9 (Financial system and climate resilience)
- Case study 1 & 2: Creating the enabling environment for adaptation investment – the role of fiscal and financial frameworks in unlocking adaptation finance and narrowing the gap (Country examples)
- Case study 3: Financial sector approaches to climate risk management and investing in resilience – how to enhance the business case for adaptation and mobilize private capital for resilience
(External expert)
|
|
| 10:45-11:45 |
60 minutes |
Expert-facilitated breakouts
- GQ1: What are available approaches to strengthen the business case for adaptation investment, covering both public infrastructure and services, and real economy activities?
- GQ2: What are methodological or financial challenges to mainstream and recognize the true value of climate resilience in public and private finance, and what are practical solutions to overcome them?
- GQ3: Are there best practices in your country context to enable
inclusive climate-resilient finance, such as for MSMEs, smallholder farmers and populations most vulnerable to climate impacts?
|
- Experts
- All WS participants
- UNFCCC staff
|
| 11:45-12:15 |
30 minutes |
Reporting back |
|
| 12:15-13:00 |
Best practices in monitoring and evaluating finance flows to inform national policies and strategies to implement Article 2, paragraph 1(c)
|
45 minutes |
Illustrative examples of country practices, reflecting diverse contexts and capacities
Q&A and closing by CCs
|
|
|
Lunch Break
|
| 15:00-15:40 |
3) International dimensions of implementing Article 2.1(c) and its complementarity with Article 9
|
10 minutes |
Presidency briefing on the preparations for the Xingu Finance Talks
& Ice-breaker activity |
- COP30 Presidency
- Co-chairs
|
| 30 minutes |
Examples of international dimensions of implementing Article 2.1(c) and its complementarity with Article 9 (Global financial policies and scaling investment)
- Case study 1: Expert presentation on how global financial policies can enable and scale up finance for climate-resilient development
(External expert)
- Case study 2: Approaches to support consistency of finance with climate goals, enabling just and orderly transitions and avoiding abrupt international divestments
(Country example)
- Case study 3: Overcoming challenges to unlock institutional capital for domestic and regional climate investment
(Country example)
|
|
| 15:40-17:00 |
80 minutes |
Small group exercise facilitated by experts
Problem statement 1: Country X faces inflationary pressures linked to imported fossil fuel dependence, while high interest rates constrain investment in low-GHG emission alternatives. Given that transition investments could reduce external vulnerabilities and improve macroeconomic stability over time, how can public and financial institutions lower financing costs and enable affordable, long-term capital for the transition?
Problem statement 2: Country Y requires significantly scaled-up investment to implement its national climate plans and support a just transition, but faces persistent challenges in attracting affordable and long-term finance, including institutional capital. What practical measures can be taken to strengthen international and domestic enabling conditions and channel public and private investment towards low-GHG emission and climate-resilient development pathways?
Groups are asked to collectively address the posed problem and develop possible solutions to present, including roles of various actors and proposed actions that may help advance the solution. |
- Experts
- All WS participants
- UNFCCC staff
|
| 17:00-17:30 |
30 minutes |
Reporting back |
|
| 17:30-18:00 |
4) Closing Session |
30 minutes |
Summary and Outlook
Closing remarks
|
- Co-Chairs
- COP31 Presidency
|