Climate Change in Nigeria: impacts and responses: Huma Haider, Independent consultant; Knowledge Evidence and Learning; 10 October 2019.
Litigating Loss and Damage as a Panacea for Abatement of Climate Change; Emmanuel Onyeabor, Helen Agu, Ngozi Joan Nwanta; Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development; Vol.7, No.2, 2016.
Nigeria Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 2012 Flood; National Emergency Management Agency; supported by World Bank Nigeria Country Office.
Development of a National Disaster Risk Management Policy to address climate risk management.
Development of a National Adaptation Strategy Plan of Action on Climate Change (NASPA-CCN) document to address climate risks and adaptation issues.
Establishment of the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA)
Revision of the nation’s Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) to include focus on the environment sector including climate change, gender and disaster risk management.
Toolkit for linking NDC, ERGP and the Sendai Framework.
Contingency measures, e.g. through risk financing with regional risk pooling, insurance facilities and bonds, and through social protection measures, etc.
Nigeria Incentive-Based Risk Sharing system for Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL) - it finances Agricultural-based risks providing incentives for smallholder farmers.
Green Bonds Afforestation programme financing projects in risk prone areas.
Addressing losses through disaster relief funds, credit facilities etc.:
Nigeria has Ecological Fund that also address climate related losses
National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) provides relief funds for victims of climate related disasters.
Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management and Social Development through direct provision.
2012 Flood Rehabilitation Fund
Disaster risk reduction focused strategies and measures through activities under the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, contingency and trust funds, disaster legislation, etc.:
Development of a National Policy of Disaster Risk Management.
Setting up of Institutional arrangement (with National Emergency Management Agency, NEMA, as the Focal Point)
Transformative actions (which could include any such actions already mentioned above):
Policy framework for Disaster Risk response and management.
National Coordination of disaster risk through establishment of the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs, Disaster Management and Social Development.
Collection and management of data and information (including databases, spatial data, systematic observations, establishing baselines, etc):
Reconstruction of historical climate databases including data rescue from old paper records to support climate information services.
Use of space technologies in systematic observations and geospatial analyses.
Establishment of a baseline on non-economic and social loss and damage, as well as regarding culture, territory, indigenous knowledge systems, ecosystem services.
Development of databases and information services to support risk profiling and risk assessment of a variety of timeframes by different actors and stakeholders in their decision-processes.
Setting up a registry/Mapping of at-risk populations to assess sea level rise induced relocation costs for coastal communities.
Analyses of data and information (including climate change projections, impact analyses, hazard mapping, etc):
Development of local to national climate change scenarios and production of projections of climate risk.
Conduct of pilot loss and damage assessments for certain key agricultural commodities which are vulnerable to climate change, such as rice, aquaculture, and fruits.
Construction of multivariate impacts and loss databases to support assessments and reporting including through the use of bigdata methods.
Design of shared database systems to support different ministries and other stakeholders in the country including data collection, storage and sharing protocols and policies.
Quantitative assessment of risk for important systems to inform decision-making, in particular, selection of risk management approaches.
Costing of impacts in the present as well as for projected impacts for use in costs-benefit analyses to appraise options.
Methods for automated and semi-automated inventorying of infrastructure and assets such as involving geospatial technologies and artificial intelligence.
Estimation and outreach on future climate change risks to inform investor decisions.
Development of standardized set of risk assessment guidelines for community/subnational level to prepare and maintain inventories of at-risk assets.
National-scale site characterization to support hazard mapping, zoning and other land use planning.
Design and implementation of projects on Loss and Damage:
Setting up cross-ministerial/sectoral coordination mechanism for the dissemination and linking warnings with early action, and the deployment of emergency assistance for communities.
Linking national systematic observations and monitoring to regional and global efforts (for relevant variables, hazards and systems).
Development of protocols (legal, social, financial, institutional) for relocation to ensure effective buy-in of all stakeholders.
Development of alternative livelihood programs, livelihood transformation programs, and vocational training for coastal communities and other at-risk population groups.
Development of infrastructure and plans for relocation/resettlement of households and communities from frequently affected areas.
Design of proposals and access to financing for climate information services and early warning systems under the GCF and other funding channels.
Development of funding proposals related to the strategic workstreams of the five-year rolling workplan of the Executive Committee.
Optimal design of sustainable public works (drainage, transportation and other critical and protective infrastructure).
Optimizing land use based on available resources (e.g. water resources, energy, etc).
Optimizing financing between different measures to address risk comprehensively/trade-off analyses in deciding on balance between investment in preemptive measures and measures to address residual risk.
Protection of cultural heritage and traditional knowledge.Capa
Sustainable landscape management including nature-based solutions.
Financial instruments (such as insurance, risk pooling, contingency funds, etc):
Design of combinations of appropriate risk finance tools and instruments applicable to a specific country context and vulnerable groups.
Development and deployment of forecast-based finance instruments to minimize potential losses to productive systems.
Design and financing of social protection measures.
Development of different insurance mechanisms.
Design of national trust/contingency/recovery funds.
Development of national finance instruments (bonds, etc).
Development of regional finance instruments (regional risk facilities, etc).
Development of legal instruments to manage planned migration.
Development of curriculum on various relevant aspects of climate change and loss and damage.