Despite progress towards universal access to clean and modern cooking systems (more fuel efficient and/or lower emissions), 40% of global households, or around 3 billion people, continue to prepare their daily meals with traditional stoves and fuels (including fuelwood, charcoal, coal, agricultural residue, dung, and kerosene), posing risks to their health, the environment, and climate. Inefficient cooking is a root cause of poverty, poor health, gender inequality, environmental degradation, air pollution, and contributes to climate change. Currently available options that are clean at point-of-use include electricity, gas, ethanol, solar, and the highest performing biomass stoves. High-performing biomass stoves can be an transitional or interim solution where infrastructure barriers prevent access to the cleanest options (such as electricity, liquefied petroleum gas or LPG, and ethanol fuels) Although factors beyond the fuel and technology used for cooking (e.g. ventilation, time spent cooking, etc.) can also play an important role in determining the ultimate health impact (see Box 2), certain fuels and technologies are always clean for health at the point of use, including LPG, electricity, natural gas, ethanol, biogas, and solar. Solutions need to consider cultural contexts and include women at all stages of the value chain, including in development, distribution, retail, and servicing. Clean cooking solutions can be delivered through digital business models as well for additional benefits to consumers, e.g. Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) schemes, which spare customers the burden of shouldering the full cost upfront. Instead, ownership of solar kits and clean cooking solutions is transferred over time via a periodic payment plan. Such models are especially suited to rural communities, enabling customers to purchase equipment using fintech-enabled digital wallets.