Institutional Statistical System (SEI): data base to collect official information on events and emergencies in the territory, and their impact on people, goods and the environment. This system is run by the National Emergency Office (ONEMI).

As of 2016, data has been systematized in excel format, to issue an annual report that summarizes the events monitored and informed by the 16 Early Warning Centres of ONEMI, which are located in each of the 16 Administrative Regions of the country.

The information is provided by the organizations and members that make up the National Civil Protection System (SNPC), and collected monthly. The content is prepared with the collaboration of the Regional Civil Protection Systems throughout the country, including Communal and Provincial Directors of Civil Protection and Emergency, as well as from first response organizations, such as the Firefighters and the Police (Carabineros de Chile), among others.

The report describes emergencies, disasters and catastrophes and their impact on people and homes. It summarizes quantitative data of the occurrence of these events and impacts, the procedures, monitoring and response to emergencies. The report aims to establish a baseline that facilitates and guides the prevention, mitigation and preparedness stages; and strengthens ONEMI’s capacities.

In addition to the above, the country has made permanent efforts to improve information regarding the impacts of climate change in the territory and to generate indicators.

The climate change "Risk Map" is currently being drawn up and is available on the website: https://arclim.mma.gob.cl/

This map will be the basis to update the Chilean National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and its indicators. The NAP update contemplates a participatory process and the generation of guidelines for adaptation plans on specific issues such as: gender, indigenous peoples, disaster risk, nature-based solutions, financial strategies and the incorporation of the private sector in adaptation solutions. This process will take place during 2021 and 2022.

Preemptive adaptation

The following policies can be identified:

• National Adaptation Plan (Chilean NAP 2014). The updated plan will be published in 2022, according to the commitments in the Chilean NDC (2020).
• Eight (8) sectorial adaptation plans in implementation:
  Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry (2013, this plan is currently being updated)
  Biodiversity (2014, this plan will be updated in 2021-2022)
  Fisheries and aquaculture (2015, this plan will be updated in 2021-2022)
  Health (2016)
  Infrastructure (2017)
  Cities (2018)
  Energy (2018)
  Tourism (2019)
• Three (3) sectorial adaptation plans will be drawn up from 2021:
  Water resources
  Coastal areas
  Mining  
• Regional (Subnational) Action Plans on Climate Change.  These plans (together with the NAP and the sectoral plans aforementioned) have been incorporated in the Climate Change Framework bill, and correspond to the instruments that the administrative regions in the country will use to plan mitigation and adaptation actions to climate change. Currently there are 4 completed plans out of 16.
• National Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (2020-2030): coordinated by ONEMI and elaborated in conjunction with the National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (see section 3.4). This plan considers all the threats to which the country is exposed, including climate risks, and establishes some measures related to adaptation to climate change.
• National Strategy for Climate Change and Vegetation Resources ENCCRV (2017-2025): coordinated by the National Forestry Corporation (CONAF). The general objective of the ENCCRV is to reduce the social, environmental and economic vulnerability generated by climate change, desertification, land degradation and drought on vegetation resources and human communities that depend on them, in order to increase the resilience of ecosystems and help mitigate climate change by promoting the reduction and capture of GHG emissions in Chile. The ENCCRV includes measures related to mitigation, adaptation and disaster risk.

Contingency measures, e.g. through risk financing with regional risk pooling, insurance facilities and bonds, and through social protection measures, etc.

• Project financed by the Adaptation Fund: “Reduction of Climate Vulnerability and Flood Risk in Urban and Semi-urban Coastal Areas in Latin American Cities”, in the cities of Antofagasta and Taltal  in Chile, and Esmeraldas  in Ecuador.

Period of implementation: 2020 to 2024; Budget: USD$ 13,910,400

Executive entities in Chile: ONEMI, Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Public Works, Meteorological Directorate of Chile (DMC), National Geology and Mining Service (Sernageomin), Regional Government of the Region of Antofagasta and Municipalities of Antofagasta and Taltal.

The project’s objective is to reduce vulnerability to floods, mudslides and landslides related to climate, in three coastal cities, incorporating an adaptation approach based risk, creating collaboration and the establishment of knowledge networks, and developing an adaptive culture. The project focuses on the hydro-meteorological hazards of mudslides in Antofagasta and Taltal (Chile), and the floods and landslides in Esmeraldas (Ecuador)

Addressing losses through disaster relief funds, credit facilities etc.:

• Chile issued in 2018 a Catastrophic Bond (CatBond) as part of the Pacific alliance, strongly influenced by the Sendai Framework, in order to cover financial risks derived from earthquakes, amounting to US $ 500 million.

Starting this year, the Ministry of Finance and other ministries are designing a similar instrument for hydro-meteorological risks, with a focus on the protection of the agro assets.

Disaster risk reduction focused strategies and measures through activities under the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, contingency and trust funds, disaster legislation, etc.:

• Since 2012, ONEMI coordinates the National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, institutional arrangement made up of a series of organizations related to risk management. The Platform contributed to the development of the National Strategic Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction and the National Policy for Disaster Risk Reduction. Both instruments have taken into account the Sendai Framework, the Paris Agreement and the Agenda 2030 for sustainable development.

The Platform is made up of more than 100 member organizations, belonging to the public and private sectors, academy and NGOs. The platform is an instance to share experiences and knowledge, and participate in the elaboration of the measures of the Strategic Plan and the implementation of its actions.

• In January 2020 the “Human Mobility, Climate Change and Disasters Roundtable” was established. The roundtable is coordinated by ONEMI and incorporates several public and private institutions, including research and knowledge centres. The Roundtable is preparing a document that synthesizes the state of the art in the country, regarding human mobility, climate change and disasters, and that provides guidelines for policy makers, to implement actions on the subject, at the territorial level.

No.

Collection and management of data and information (including databases, spatial data, systematic observations, establishing baselines, etc):

• Use of space technologies in systematic observations and geospatial analyses.
• Establishment of a baseline on non-economic and social loss and damage, as well as regarding culture, territory, indigenous knowledge systems, ecosystem services.
• Development of databases and information services to support risk profiling and risk assessment of a variety of timeframes by different actors and stakeholders in their decision-processes.

Analyses of data and information (including climate change projections, impact analyses, hazard mapping, etc):

• Conduct of pilot loss and damage assessments for certain key agricultural commodities which are vulnerable to climate change, such as rice, aquaculture, and fruits.
• Construction of multivariate impacts and loss databases to support assessments and reporting including through the use of bigdata methods.
• Quantitative assessment of risk for important systems to inform decision-making, in particular, selection of risk management approaches.
• Costing of impacts in the present as well as for projected impacts for use in costs-benefit analyses to appraise options.
• Methods for automated and semi-automated inventorying of infrastructure and assets such as involving geospatial technologies and artificial intelligence.
• Estimation and outreach on future climate change risks to inform investor decisions.
• Development of standardized set of risk assessment guidelines for community/subnational level to prepare and maintain inventories of at-risk assets.
• National-scale site characterization to support hazard mapping, zoning and other land use planning.

Design and implementation of projects on Loss and Damage:

• Development of alternative livelihood programs, livelihood transformation programs, and vocational training for coastal communities and other at-risk population groups.
• Development of infrastructure and plans for relocation/resettlement of households and communities from frequently affected areas.
• Design of proposals and access to financing for climate information services and early warning systems under the GCF and other funding channels.
• Development of funding proposals related to the strategic workstreams of the five-year rolling workplan of the Executive Committee.
• Optimizing land use based on available resources (e.g. water resources, energy, etc).
• Optimizing financing between different measures to address risk comprehensively/trade-off analyses in deciding on balance between investment in preemptive measures and measures to address residual risk.
• Protection of cultural heritage and traditional knowledge.
• Sustainable landscape management including nature-based solutions.

Financial instruments (such as insurance, risk pooling, contingency funds, etc):

• Design of combinations of appropriate risk finance tools and instruments applicable to a specific country context and vulnerable groups.
• Development and deployment of forecast-based finance instruments to minimize potential losses to productive systems.
• Design and financing of social protection measures.
• Development of different insurance mechanisms.
• Development of national finance instruments (bonds, etc).

• Sectoral Study of the Costs of Inaction Faced with Climate Change in Chile’ is being carried out in 2020, with the support of ECLAC. The objective of this study is to estimate the costs of inaction in the face of climate change in Chile considering the RCP8.5 emissions scenario, until 2100. The study includes some sectors and specific activities within those sectors. It is relevant for the country to expand to other activities and to gain knowledge on how to use the results of this study, in a more effective manner, for the implementation of adaptation solutions.
• Regarding the Human Mobility, Climate Change and Disasters Roundtable, and to strengthen the work of this institution, our country needs to deepen the understanding of the relationship between climate change and human mobility.
• During 2020 and 2021, the set of adaptation indicators for the country will be developed. For this process, it would be important to have a better understanding on how the issue of loss and damage could be incorporated.