This report provides an overview of the progress made in implementing activities under the Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change since the forty-fifth session of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice. It concentrates on the activities undertaken to provide knowledge support to Parties and advance adaptation action through knowledge in the thematic areas of health, ecosystems and interrelated areas such as water resources, and human settlements. Such activities were undertaken in collaboration with government experts and lead institutions, including Nairobi work programme partner organizations. The report presents the progress of the Lima Adaptation Knowledge Initiative in closing knowledge gaps that are barriers to adaptation action in subregions, with a focus on the Hindu Kush Himalayas and Indian Ocean island countries. It shares preliminary reflections on opportunities to strengthen the linkages of the Nairobi work programme with the Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, it highlights collaborative activities undertaken with the Adaptation Committee and the Least Developed Countries Expert Group. Following an overview of progress in terms of stakeholder engagement, knowledge management, communication and outreach, the report concludes with a brief overview of the next steps under the Nairobi work programme.