This synthesis report on the aggregate effect of the 161 intended nationally
determined contributions (INDCs) communicated by 189 Parties by 4 April 2016 provides
estimates of the aggregate greenhouse gas emission levels in 2025 and 2030 resulting from
the implementation of those INDCs. Those levels are compared with the emission levels in
1990, 2000 and 2010 as well as with emission trajectories consistent with (1) action
communicated by Parties for the pre-2020 period and (2) holding the average global
temperature rise below 2 ºC and 1.5 ºC above pre-industrial levels. This document
identifies and discusses trends that indicate opportunities for enhanced action to address
climate change in the longer term. In addition, it synthesizes information relating to
adaptation, which was included in the INDCs communicated by 137 Parties.