This technical paper provides a literature review and analysis of best practices and available tools for: the use of indigenous and traditional knowledge and practices for adaptation; and the application of gender-sensitive approaches and tools for understanding and assessing impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. Drawing on an extensive list of literature and examples from diverse regions and sectors and different decision contexts, this technical paper highlights best practices and available tools for, identifies gaps in, as well as recommends possible actions to enhance, the application of indigenous and traditional knowledge and practices for adaptation and the use of gendersensitive approaches and tools for understanding and assessing impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change