This note provides a summary of the second workshop held under the Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, which focused on adaptation planning and practices. The workshop was held in Rome, Italy, from 10 to 12 September 2007. Discussions at the workshop focused on sector-specific adaptation planning and practices in the areas of agriculture and food security, water resources, coastal zones and health as well as on how to integrate and coordinate adaptation planning and practices across different sectors and at different levels, including at subnational, national, regional and international levels. This note contains an overview of good practices, gaps and needs in adaptation planning and practices as well as recommendations and issues for follow-up and further consideration.