This report provides a summary of the outcomes of work under the Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change since the forty-eighth session of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice. It also summarizes progress and challenges in implementing activities in accordance with the workplan, mandates and functions of the Nairobi work programme. The knowledge curated under the programme has been instrumental in closing adaptation knowledge gaps. User-friendly knowledge products about adaptation practices, networks and results have been created and disseminated. Activities under the programme have focused on catalysing or enhancing adaptation action through knowledge under several thematic areas. Through its network of global partners, the Nairobi work programme has responded to the adaptation needs of Parties. Through fostering collaboration with UNFCCC constituted bodies, the programme has facilitated the scaling up of adaptation action, in particular in developing countries. Subregional networks have allowed work to advance on closing priority knowledge gaps in countries and subregions under the Lima Adaptation Knowledge Initiative. The report concludes with lessons learned, which will inform the stocktake of the Nairobi work programme to be conducted at the fifty-sixth session of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice.