This compilation and synthesis of information contained in initial national communications from 16 Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention submitted to the secretariat between 1 June 2002 and 1 April 2003 contains information on the following: national circumstances; sustainable development and the integration of climate change concerns into medium- and long-term planning; inventories of anthropogenic emissions and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases; measures contributing to addressing climate change; research and systematic observation; climate change impacts and response strategies; education, training and public awareness; and financial and technical needs and constraints