This paper provides an overview of mitigation practices for the agricultural sector, and identifies relevant policies and measures (PAMs). It addresses the relative mitigation potential of each mitigation practice presented, as well as methodological and technical challenges, and possible barriers for their implementation. The paper also identifies win-win options, best practices and co-benefits and synergies for each practice. Knowledge gaps and research and development needs on mitigation practices are identified as the basis of recommendations for future work. Background information on emissions, trends and projections in relation to livestock, and crops and soils are also presented in the paper. The paper aims to contribute to the better understanding of the challenges and opportunities for mitigation in the agricultural sector, with consideration of the regional and national circumstances for the feasibility and applicability of the mitigation practices. The information may be taken into account by Parties when considering the role, potential and challenges of the agricultural sector for mitigating climate change in support of the upcoming discussions under the Ad-Hoc Working Group on Long-Term Cooperative Action under the Convention (AWG-LCA), including the in-session workshop to be held during the fifth session of the AWG-LCA in 2009.