This technical paper provides an initial exploration of opportunities and options for
reducing vulnerability and mainstreaming climate change adaptation, including through the
process to formulate and implement national adaptation plans as identified by Parties and
non-Party stakeholders through their practical experiences. It is primarily based on
discussions held at the technical expert meetings on adaptation, which took place on 24 and
25 May 2016 in Bonn, Germany, in conjunction with the forty-fourth sessions of the
subsidiary bodies. The paper is intended to contribute to the understanding of how good
practices and lessons learned can lay the foundation for the enhanced implementation of
pre-2020 adaptation actions and beyond.