This technical paper has been prepared to support Parties in conducting at the forty-fourth session of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation the third comprehensive review of the implementation of the framework for capacity-building in developing countries by providing a synthesis and initial assessment of actions undertaken to implement the framework and of gaps and needs that have emerged in the course of its implementation. It covers capacity-building activities reported between January 2012, when the second comprehensive review of the implementation of the capacity-building framework was completed, and March 2016.