This note presents the report on the review and assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of Article 4, paragraphs 1(c) and 5, of the Convention. The report presents a synthesis of available information on practical steps taken by Parties and relevant organizations in each of the five areas of focus set out in section IV of the terms of reference for the review and assessment. It presents lessons learned, good practices, challenges faced and remaining gaps identified in the implementation of Article 4, paragraphs 1(c) and 5, and of decisions 4/CP.7, 3/CP.13 and 4/CP.13