Status of Ratification

Status of Ratification of the Convention

The Convention was adopted at the United Nations Headquarters, New York on the 9 May 1992. In accordance with Article 20, it was open for signature at Rio de Janeiro from 4 to 14 June 1992, and thereafter at the United Nations Headquarters, New York, from 20 June 1992 to 19 June 1993. By that date, the Convention had received 166 signatures.

Pursuant to Article 22, the Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by States and by regional economic integration organizations. States and regional economic integration organizations that have not signed the Convention may accede to it at any time.

The Convention entered into force on 21 March 1994, in accordance with Article 23, that is on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

Currently, there are 197 Parties (196 States and 1 regional economic integration organization) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

The list below contains the latest information concerning dates of signature and receipt of instruments of ratification by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as Depositary of the Convention. The dates in the third column are those of the receipt of the instrument of ratification, acceptance (A), approval (AA), accession (a), or succession (d). (For an explanation of these legal terms, visit the United Nations Treaty Collection Glossary of terms relating to Treaty actions).

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

New York, 9 May 1992

Entry into force: 21 March 1994, in accordance with article 23.

Registration: 21 March 1994, No. 30822.

Status: Signatories: 165. Parties: 197. (1)

Note: The Convention was agreed upon and adopted by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change, during its Fifth session, second part, held at New York from 30 April to 9 May 1992. In accordance with its article 20, the Convention was open for signature by States Members of the United Nations or of any of its specialized agencies or that are Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice and by regional economic integration organizations, at Rio de Janeiro during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, from 4 to 14 June 1992, and remained thereafter open at the United Nations Headquarters in New York until 19 June 1993.


Participant	Signature	Ratification Acceptance (A) Accession (a) Approval (AA) Succession (d)	Entry into force
AFGHANISTAN	12 Jun 1992	19 Sep 2002	18 Dec 2002
ALBANIA		3 Oct 1994 a	1 Jan 1995
ALGERIA	13 Jun 1992	9 Jun 1993	21 Mar 1994
ANDORRA		2 Mar 2011 a	31 May 2011
ANGOLA	14 Jun 1992	17 May 2000	15 Aug 2000
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA	4 Jun 1992	2 Feb 1993	21 Mar 1994
ARGENTINA	12 Jun 1992	11 Mar 1994	9 Jun 1994
ARMENIA	13 Jun 1992	14 May 1993 A	21 Mar 1994
AUSTRALIA	4 Jun 1992	30 Dec 1992	21 Mar 1994
AUSTRIA	8 Jun 1992	28 Feb 1994	29 May 1994
AZERBAIJAN	12 Jun 1992	16 May 1995	14 Aug 1995
BAHAMAS	12 Jun 1992	29 Mar 1994	27 Jun 1994
BAHRAIN	8 Jun 1992	28 Dec 1994	28 Mar 1995
BANGLADESH	9 Jun 1992	15 Apr 1994	14 Jul 1994
BARBADOS	12 Jun 1992	23 Mar 1994	21 Jun 1994
BELARUS	11 Jun 1992	11 May 2000 AA	9 Aug 2000
BELGIUM	4 Jun 1992	16 Jan 1996	15 Apr 1996
BELIZE	13 Jun 1992	31 Oct 1994	29 Jan 1995
BENIN	13 Jun 1992	30 Jun 1994	28 Sep 1994
BHUTAN	11 Jun 1992	25 Aug 1995	23 Nov 1995
BOLIVIA	10 Jun 1992	3 Oct 1994	1 Jan 1995
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA		7 Sep 2000 a	6 Dec 2000
BOTSWANA	12 Jun 1992	27 Jan 1994	27 Apr 1994
BRAZIL	4 Jun 1992	28 Feb 1994	29 May 1994
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM		7 Aug 2007 a	5 Dec 2007
BULGARIA	5 Jun 1992	12 May 1995	10 Aug 1995
BURKINA FASO	12 Jun 1992	2 Sep 1993	21 Mar 1994
BURUNDI	11 Jun 1992	6 Jan 1997	7 Apr 1997
CABO VERDE	12 Jun 1992	29 Mar 1995	27 Jun 1995
CAMBODIA		18 Dec 1995 a	17 Mar 1996
CAMEROON	14 Jun 1992	19 Oct 1994	17 Jan 1995
CANADA	12 Jun 1992	4 Dec 1992	21 Mar 1994
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC	13 Jun 1992	10 Mar 1995	8 Jun 1996
CHAD	12 Jun 1992	7 Jun 1994	5 Sep 1994
CHILE	13 Jun 1992	22 Dec 1994	22 Mar 1995
CHINA (2) (3)	11 Jun 1992	5 Jan 1993	21 Mar 1994
COLOMBIA	13 Jun 1992	22 Mar 1995	20 Jun 1995
COMOROS	11 Jun 1992	31 Oct 1994	29 Jan 1995
CONGO	12 Jun 1992	14 Oct 1996	12 Jan 1997
COOK ISLANDS	12 Jun 1992	20 Apr 1993	21 Mar 1994
COSTA RICA	13 Jun 1992	26 Aug 1994	24 Nov 1994
COTE D'IVOIRE	10 Jun 1992	29 Nov 1994	27 Feb 1995
CROATIA	11 Jun 1992	8 Apr 1996 A	7 Jul 1996
CUBA	13 Jun 1992	5 Jan 1994	5 Apr 1994
CYPRUS	12 Jun 1992	15 Oct 1997	13 Jan 1998
CZECH REPUBLIC	18 Jun 1993	7 Oct 1993 AA	21 Mar 1994
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA	11 Jun 1992	5 Dec 1994 AA	5 Mar 1995
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO	11 Jun 1992	9 Jan 1995	9 Apr 1995
DENMARK	9 Jun 1992	21 Dec 1993	21 Mar 1994
DJIBOUTI	12 Jun 1992	27 Aug 1995	25 Nov 1995
DOMINICA		21 Jun 1993 a	21 Mar 1994
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC	12 Jun 1992	7 Oct 1998	5 Jan 1999
ECUADOR	9 Jun 1992	23 Feb 1993	21 Mar 1994
EGYPT	9 Jun 1992	5 Dec 1994	5 Mar 1995
EL SALVADOR	13 Jun 1992	4 Dec 1995	3 Mar 1996
EQUATORIAL GUINEA		16 Aug 2000 a	14 Nov 2000
ERITREA		24 Apr 1995 a	23 Jul 1995
ESTONIA	12 Jun 1992	27 Jul 1994	25 Oct. 1994
ETHIOPIA	10 Jun 1992	5 Apr 1994	4 Jul 1994
EUROPEAN UNION	13 Jun 1992	21 Dec 1993 AA	21 Mar 1994
FIJI	9 Jun 1992	25 Feb 1993	21 Mar 1994
FINLAND	4 Jun 1992	3 May 1994 A	1 Aug 1994
FRANCE	13 Jun 1992	25 Mar 1994	23 Jun 1994
GABON	12 Jun 1992	21 Jan 1998	21 Apr 1998
GAMBIA	12 Jun 1992	10 Jun 1994	8 Sep 1994
GEORGIA		29 Jul 1994 a	27 Oct 1994
GERMANY	12 Jun 1992	9 Dec 1993	21 Mar 1994
GHANA	12 Jun 1992	6 Sep 1995	5 Dec 1995
GREECE	12 Jun 1992	4 Aug 1994	2 Nov 1994
GRENADA	3 Dec 1992	11 Aug 1994	9 Nov 1994
GUATEMALA	13 Jun 1992	15 Dec 1995	14 Mar 1996
GUINEA	12 Jun 1992	7 May 1993	21 Mar 1994
GUINEA-BISSAU	12 Jun 1992	27 Oct 1995	25 Jan 1996
GUYANA	13 Jun 1992	29 Aug 1994	27 Nov 1994
HAITI	13 Jun 1992	25 Sep 1996	24 Dec 1996
HONDURAS	13 Jun 1992	19 Oct 1995	17 Jan 1996
HUNGARY	13 Jun 1992	24 Feb 1994	25 May 1994
ICELAND	4 Jun 1992	16 Jun 1993	21 Mar 1994
INDIA	10 Jun 1992	1 Nov 1993	21 Mar 1994
INDONESIA	5 Jun 1992	23 Aug 1994	21 Nov 1994
IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)	14 Jun 1992	18 Jul 1996	16 Oct 1996
IRAQ		28 Jul 2009 a	26 Oct 2009
IRELAND	13 Jun 1992	20 Apr 1994	19 Jul 1994
ISRAEL	4 Jun 1992	4 Jun 1996	2 Sep 1996
ITALY	5 Jun 1992	15 Apr 1994	14 Jul 1994
JAMAICA	12 Jun 1992	6 Jan 1995	6 Apr 1995
JAPAN	13 Jun 1992	28 May 1993 A	21 Mar 1994
JORDAN	11 Jun 1992	12 Nov 1993	21 Mar 1994
KAZAKHASTAN	8 Jun 1992	17 May 1995	15 Aug 1995
KENYA	12 Jun 1992	30 Aug 1994	28 Nov 1994
KIRIBATI	13 Jun 1992	7 Feb 1995	8 May 1995
KUWAIT		28 Dec 1994 a	28 Mar 1995
KYRGYZSTAN		25 May 2000 a	23 Aug 2000
LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC		4 Jan 1995 a	4 Apr 1995
LATVIA	11 Jun 1992	23 Mar 1995	21 Jun 1995
LEBANON	12 Jun 1992	15 Dec 1994	15 Mar 1995
LESOTHO	11 Jun 1992	7 Feb 1995	8 May 1995
LIBERIA	12 Jun 1992	5 Nov 2002	4 Feb 2002
LIBYA	29 Jun 1992	14 Jun 1999	12 Sep 1999
LIECHTENSTEIN	4 Jun 1992	22 Jun 1994	20 Sep 1994
LITHUANIA	11 Jun 1992	24 Mar 1995	22 Jun 1995
LUXEMBOURG	9 Jun 1992	9 May 1994	7 Aug 1994
MADAGASCAR	10 Jun 1992	2 Jun 1999	31 Aug 1999
MALAWI	10 Jun 1992	21 Apr 1994	20 Jul 1994
MALAYSIA	9 Jun 1993	13 Jul 1994	11 Oct 1994
MALDIVES	12 Jun 1992	9 Nov 1992	21 Mar 1994
MALI	30 Sep 1992	28 Dec 1994	28 Mar 1995
MALTA	12 Jun 1992	17 Mar 1994	15 Jun 1994
MARSHALL ISLANDS	12 Jun 1992	8 Oct 1992	21 Mar 1994
MAURITANIA	12 Jun 1992	20 Jan 1994	20 Apr 1994
MAURITIUS	10 Jun 1992	4 Sep 1992	21 Mar 1994
MEXICO	13 Jun 1992	11 Mar 1993	21 Mar 1994
MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF)	12 Jun 1992	18 Nov 1993	21 Mar 1994
MONACO	11 Jun 1992	20 Nov 1992	21 Mar 1994
MONGOLIA	12 Jun 1992	30 Sep 1993	21 Mar 1994
MONTENEGRO (4)		23 Oct 2006 d	21 Jan 2007
MOROCCO	13 Jun 1992	28 Dec 1995	27 Mar 1996
MOZAMBIQUE	12 Jun 1992	25 Aug 1995	23 Nov 1995
MYANMAR	11 Jun 1992	25 Nov 1994	23 Feb 1995
NAMIBIA	12 Jun 1992	16 May 1995	14 Aug 1995
NAURU	8 Jun 1992	11 Nov 1993	21 Mar 1994
NEPAL	12 Jun 1992	2 May 1994	31 Jul 1994
NETHERLANDS (5)	4 Jun 1992	20 Dec 1993 A	21 Mar 1994
NEW ZEALAND	4 Jun 1992	16 Sep 1993	21 Mar 1994
NICARAGUA	13 Jun 1992	31 Oct 1995	29 Jan 1996
NIGER	11 Jun 1992	25 Jul 1995	23 Oct 1995
NIGERIA	13 Jun 1992	29 Aug 1994	27 Nov 1994
NIUE		28 Feb 1996 a	28 May 1996
NORWAY	4 Jun 1992	9 Jul 1993	21 Mar 1994
OMAN	11 Jun 1992	8 Feb 1995	9 May 1995
PAKISTAN	13 Jun 1992	1 Jun 1994	30 Aug 1994
PALAU		10 Dec 1999 a	9 Mar 2000
PANAMA	18 Mar 1993	23 May 1995	21 Aug 1995
PAPUA NEW GUINEA	13 Jun 1992	16 Mar 1993	21 Mar 1994
PARAGUAY	12 Jun 1992	24 Feb 1994	25 May 1994
PERU	12 Jun 1992	7 Jun 1993	21 Mar 1994
PHILIPPINES	12 Jun 1992	2 Aug 1994	31 Oct 1994
POLAND	5 Jun 1992	28 Jul 1994	26 Oct 1994
PORTUGAL *(3)*	13 Jun 1992	21 Dec 1993	21 Mar 1994
QATAR		18 Apr 1996 a	17 Jul 1996
REPUBLIC OF KOREA	13 Jun 1992	14 Dec 1993	21 Mar 1994
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA	12 Jun 1992	9 Jun 1995	7 Sep 1995
ROMANIA	5 Jun 1992	8 Jun 1994	6 Sep 1994
RUSSIAN FEDERATION	13 Jun 1992	28 Dec 1994	28 Mar 1995
RWANDA	10 Jun 1992	18 Aug 1998	16 Nov 1998
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS	12 Jun 1992	7 Jan 1993	21 Mar 1994
SAINT LUCIA	14 Jun 1993	14 Jun 1993	21 Mar 1994
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES		2 Dec 1996 a	2 Mar 1997
SAMOA	12 Jun 1992	29 Nov 1994	27 Feb 1995
SAN MARINO	10 Jun 1992	28 Oct 1994	26 Jan 1995
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE	12 Jun 1992	29 Sep 1999	28 Dec 1999
SAUDI ARABIA		28 Dec 1994 a	28 Mar 1995
SENEGAL	13 Jun 1992	17 Oct 1994	15 Jan 1995
SERBIA		12 Mar 2001 a	10 Jun 2001
SEYCHELLES	10 Jun 1992	22 Sep 1992	21 Mar 1994
SIERRA LEONE	11 Feb 1993	22 Jun 1995	20 Sep 1995
SINGAPORE	13 Jun 1992	29 May 1997	27 Aug 1997
SLOVAKIA	19 May 1993	25 Aug 1994 AA	23 Nov 1994
SLOVENIA	13 Jun 1992	1 Dec 1995	29 Feb 1996
STATE OF PALESTINE		18 Dec 2015 a	17 Mar 2016
SOLOMON ISLANDS	13 Jun 1992	28 Dec 1994	28 Mar 1995
SOMALIA		11 Sep 2009 a	10 Dec 2009
SOUTH AFRICA	15 Jun 1993	29 Aug 1997	27 Nov 1997
SOUTH SUDAN		17 Feb 2014 a	18 May 2014
SPAIN	13 Jun 1992	21 Dec 1993	21 Mar 1994
SRI LANKA	10 Jun 1992	23 Nov 1993	21 Mar 1994
SUDAN	9 Jun 1992	19 Nov 1993	21 Mar 1994
SURINAME	13 Jun 1992	14 Oct 1997	12 Jan 1998
SWAZILAND	12 Jun 1992	7 Oct 1996	5 Jan 1997
SWEDEN	8 Jun 1992	23 Jun 1993	21 Mar 1994
SWITZERLAND	12 Jun 1992	10 Dec 1993	21 Mar 1994
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC		4 Jan 1996 a	3 Apr 1996
TAJIKISTAN		7 Jan 1998 a	7 Apr 1998
THAILAND	12 Jun 1992	28 Dec 1994	28 Mar 1995
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA		28 Jan 1998 a	28 Apr 1998
TIMOR-LESTE		10 Oct 2006 a	8 Jan 2007
TOGO	12 June 1992	8 Mar 1995 A	6 Jun 1995
TONGA		20 Jul 1998 a	18 Oct 1998
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO	11 Jun 1992	24 Jun 1994	22 Sep 1994
TUNISIA	13 Jun 1992	15 Jul 1993	21 Mar 1994
TURKEY		24 Feb 2004 a	24 May 2004
TURKMENISTAN		5 Jun 1995 a	3 Sep 1995
TUVALU	08 Jun 1992	26 Oct 1993	21 Mar 1994
UGANDA	13 Jun 1992	8 Sep 1993	21 Mar 1994
UKRAINE	11 Jun 1992	13 May 1997	11 Aug 1997
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES		29 Dec 1995 a	28 Mar 1996
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND (6) (7)	12 Jun 1992	8 Dec 1993	21 Mar 1996
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA	12 Jun 1992	17 Apr 1996	16 Jul 1997
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA	12 Jun 1992	15 Oct 1992	21 Mar 1994
URUGUAY	4 Jun 1992	18 Aug 1994	16 Nov 1994
UZBEKISTAN	---	20 Jun 1993 a	21 Mar 1994
VANUATU	9 Jun 1992	25 Mar 1993	21 Mar 1994
VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF)	12 Jun 1992	28 Dec 1994	28 Mar 1995
VIET NAM	11 Jun 1992	16 Nov 1994	14 Feb 1995
YEMEN	12 Jun 1992	21 Feb 1996	21 May 1996
ZAMBIA	11 Jun 1992	28 May 1993	21 Mar 1994
ZIMBABWE	12 Jun 1992	3 Nov 1992	21 Mar 1994

Notifications made under article 4 (2) (g) (8)

Participant and date of receipt of the notification:

Czech Republic..................................27 Nov 1995
Kazakhstan ........................................23 Mar 2000
Monaco................................................20 Nov 1992
Slovakia ..............................................23 Feb 1996
Slovenia .............................................. 9 Jun 1998

End Note:

(1) For the purpose of entry into force of the [Convention/Protocol], any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of that Organization.

(2) By a communication received on 8 April 2003, the Government of the Government of the People’s Republic of China notified the Secretary-General of the following:

"In accordance with the provisions of Article 153 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China of 1990, the Government of the People's Republic of China decides that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change continues to be implemented in the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall not apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China until the Government of China notifies otherwise."

(3) On 28 June 1999, the Government of Portugal informed the Secretary-General the the Convention would also apply to Macao. Subsequently, the Secretary-General received communications concerning the status of Macao from Portugal and China (see note 1 under “Portugal” and note 3 under “China” in the “Historical Information” section in the front matter of thisvolume.) Upon resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Macao, China notified the Secretary-General that the Convention will also apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region.

(4) See note 1 under "Montenegro" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

(5) For the Kingdom in Europe.

(6) In respect of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Isle of Man. On 4 April 2006: in respect of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. On 2 January 2007: in respect of Gibraltar. On 7 March 2007: in respect of Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

(7) By a communication received on 27 March 2007, the Government of Argentina notified the Secretary-General of the following:

The Argentine Republic objects to the extension of the territorial application to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 9 May 1992 with respect to the Malvinas Islands, which was notified by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Depositary of the Convention on 7 March 2007. The Argentine Republic reaffirms its sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands, the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands and the surrounding maritime spaces, which are an integral part of its national territory, and recalls that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolutions 2065 (XX), 3160 (XXVIII), 31/49, 37/9, 38/12, 39/6, 40/21, 41/40, 42/19 and 43/25, which recognize the existence of a dispute over sovereignty and request the Governments of the Argentine Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to initiate negotiations with a view to finding the means to resolve peacefully and definitively the pending problems between both countries, including all aspects on the future of the Malvinas Islands, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.

(8) States having, in accordance with article 4 (2)(g), notified the Secretary-General of their intention to be bound by article 4(2)(a) and (b) of the Convention.

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