This analytical paper, prepared by the Consultative Group of Experts on National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (CGE), contains an analysis of recent developments in reporting requirements and constraints, challenges and lessons learned by Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (non-Annex I Parties) in preparing their national communications. The document is based on an analysis of the inputs provided by non-Annex I Parties through a survey conducted by the CGE between September 2015 and January 2016, and other relevant reports prepared by the CGE since 2011, including workshop reports and technical reports. The document contains the recommendations of the CGE on elements to be considered in a future revision of the “Guidelines for the preparation of national communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention”.