During the implementation of the subprogram “Development of the railway transport of the Republic of Belarus” of the program for the development of the transport complex of the Republic of Belarus for 2016–2020, will be continued the work to increase train speeds, optimize transport and logistics schemes for the delivery of goods, and develop container transportation. The length of electrified railway sections in the main directions of international freight traffic will increase.

The legal act defines the procedure for importing, registering and operating electric vehicles, as well as tax benefits in respect of such vehicles.

The Clean Economy Act establishes a schedule by which Dominion Energy Virginia and American Electric Power are required to retire electric generating units located in the Commonwealth that emit carbon as a by-product of combusting fuel to generate electricity and by which they are required to construct, acquire, or enter into agreements to purchase generating capacity located in the Commonwealth using energy derived from sunlight or onshore wind. Dominion Energy Virginia and American Electric Power are required to produce their electricity from 100 percent renewable sources by 2045 and 2050, respectively. A utility that does not meet its targets is required to pay a specific deficiency payment or purchase renewable energy certificates.

The Länder and local authorities are responsible for planning, design, organisation and financing of public transport. Nevertheless, the federal government provides the Länder and local authorities with financial support for this task. The federal government provides over half the public funding for public transport from regionalisation funds, from funds from the Decentralisation Act and from the Local Authority Transport Infrastructure Financing Act programme. Based on the agreement by the government and the Länder to increase regionalisation funds to EUR 8.2 billion in 2016 and to raise the rate at which funding will increase each year to 1.8 % up to and including 2031, the federal government will have provided by 2031 a total of EUR 15.6 billion more than was previously available. The Local Authority Transport Infrastructure Financing Act programme will continue beyond 2019. The coalition agreement contains a priority measure which provides for these funds to be increased to EUR 1 billion by 2021. To implement this, both Article 125c of the Basic Law and the Local Authority Transport Infrastructure Financing Act will need to be amended. The draft for the necessary amendment to the Basic Law (Article 125c) was adopted by the federal cabinet on 2 May 2018 and is now progressing through the parliamentary procedures. Under the Decentralisation Act, the Länder also receive annual compensation payments of about EUR 1.336 billion to improve transport conditions (public transport and also municipal roads) in the local authorities. The Länder decide how to use the funds, with the proviso that they must be invested. According to the transitional provision of Article 143c of the Basic Law, funding from the Decentralisation Act ceases on 31 December 2019. From 2020, the Länder will instead receive shares in the revenue from value added tax. Finally, the federal government also supports public transport through tax breaks (e.g. lower rates of value added tax) and through compensation (e.g. for the transport of severely disabled persons). Furthermore, a regulation was introduced in the Electricity Tax Act on 1 January 2018 under which electricity for electric vehicles used in public transport is subject to tax relief. The tax relief is 9.08 euros per megawatt hour of electricity on a normal tax rate of 20.50 euros per megawatt hour.

Facilitate market penetration of hybrid and battery electric vehicles: Various measures put in place by the German government to promote electric mobility. The German government and industry came together in the National Platform for Electric Mobility (NPE) to define the goal of developing Germany into a lead market for and lead supplier of electric mobility. The goal is to have one million electric vehicles in use by 2020, rising to six million by 2030. A purchase subsidy of EUR 4,000 for fully electric vehicles and EUR 3,000 for hybrids is being paid, half of which is financed by the automotive industry and half by the federal government. Total funding is limited to EUR 1.2 billion (EUR 600 million from the government and EUR 600 million from the automotive industry), and the programme, which is based on the first come, first served principle and began with a decision by the government in May 2016, will end no later than 2019. The upper limit of funding for each basic model is EUR 60,000 (list price). The half of the funding from the government is conditional on receiving match funding from the manufacturer. The share of electric vehicles to be purchased by the government to carry out its business is also to be increased to at least 20 %. The following new provisions apply from 1 January 2017 until 31 December 2020: under the German Income Tax Act (Einkommensteuergesetz), benefits granted by an employer for charging an electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle on the employer’s premises with a company-owned charging facility that is temporarily put to private use are exempt from tax. Employers also have the option to reduce the level of withholding tax for an employee's wage to a flat rate of 25 % on the benefits of monetary value from the assignment of a charging facility free of charge or at a reduced price and for subsidies for an employee’s expenditure on purchasing and using a charging facility. The Charging Point Regulation (Ladesäulenverordnung) creates binding standards for plugs for the charging infrastructure used for electric mobility and entered into force on 17 March 2016. Operators of charging infrastructure and final consumers are to be treated equally under the Electricity Market Act (Strommarktgesetz). This will create legal clarity with regard to operators’ energy-related obligations. Rapid charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is also scheduled to be installed on 400 motorways service stations – if possible in 2017. As many as 600 additional fast charging points are also scheduled to be installed between 2015 and 2017 as part of the SLAM – Fast-charging network for axes and metropolises – research project. This has now largely been completed. The federal government is providing €300 million for the 2017–2020 period under a funding programme to expand publicly-accessible infrastructure for charging electric vehicles throughout Germany. Further development and testing of electric drives in utility vehicles The range of applications for electric drives in heavy goods vehicles has previously been restricted by the limited performance of batteries and the associated reduced range of vehicles. The use of electric drives in the category of up to 7.5 tonnes maximum permissible gross laden weight in parcel delivery vehicles, for example, appears promising. At least one manufacturer is planning to use electric drives in large vehicles up to 26 tonnes maximum permissible gross laden weight by 2020. The combination of fast-charging batteries and overhead contact line sections for recharging batteries while driving will considerably expand the possibilities for using electric drives. This combination of HGVs powered by electric batteries and an overhead contact line section will be tested under actual conditions during a field trial. Reduction effect: The 2017 Projections Report calculated a GHG reduction of 0.5 Mt CO2e in 2020 for various measures promoting electric mobility. If indirect emissions are taken into account (for example as a result of emissions being transferred to the electricity sector when electricity is used as a fuel), the GHG reduction is 0.2 Mt CO2e.

The scheme on energy efficiency and renewable energy in horticulture (EHG) offers companies active in greenhouse cultivation a subsidy of 25% for specific measures (contained in an annually-revised list) for increasing energy efficiency (or generating or using renewable energy), for which the maximum subsidy can differ per investment. Clusters of companies can also apply for a subsidy.

Infrastructure improvements to achieve fuel change in transport in line with the parliamentary resolution on the Action plan on energy change, which was approved in Parliament on May 31st, 2017. The government has already granted 210 m kr. to build charging stations and other infrastructure for electric cars. • Infrastructure for electric cars and other vehicles powered by climate-friendly fuels such as hydrogen and methane will be increased. The possibilities for installing more fuel stations for methane, hydrogen and other climate-friendly fuels will be considered. • The existing infrastructure will be analysed and the main bottlenecks will be identified. • Municipalities and others stakeholders must be consulted on ways to enable the public to charge cars at home and at parking spots. • Tourism representatives will be consulted on how to increase the share of electric rental cars.

Modal shift can be realized through increasing the attractiveness of public transport ( Introduction of the integrated transport system, Increasing of passengers’ comfort, Preference of public transport vehicles and Introduction of “Park and Ride” system) and through systems of combined freight transport. The support of railway transport shall be realized through investment programs for improvement of infrastructure, increasing of speed, promotion of intermodal (container) transport, construction of transship points and of logistic centers. The aim of the measure is to shift 30% of long distanced freight transport from roads to railways (in trips over 300 km).

The measure provides the regulatory framework for the installation of 4.2 MW of photovoltaic systems in 428 public schools. The PV system will operate under the net-metering schema. Each PV system will have a power up to 20kW. The roof tops were PV will be installed will be thermally insulated.

The Scheme covers the installation of commercial plants producing electricity from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) that will participate in the competitive electricity market (expected to be operational in 2021). Up to one year after the operation of the competitive electricity market , the produced electricity from RES will be sold to the Electricity Authority of Cyprus at the respective purchase price of electricity from RES (avoidance cost). The scheme allows the installation of commercial PV systems, wind parks, solar concentrated station, and biomass/biogas stations and wave energy systems. The Scheme opens for calls in 2016 and 2017 (until the end of April 2018). In the last call applications were submitted for a total capacity of 392MW, mainly for G11photovoltaic parks. (12.5MW wind park, 379 MW photovoltaic systems, 2.2MW biomass system)The first 120 MW have already been licensed. In the end of 2018 with a re-announcement of the Scheme, approvals will be given for more projects.

The implementation of the measure started in 2018 as national policy to promote RES electricity and reduce the cost of electricity in the commercial and industrial consumers. Currently the Net-billing is applied for RES installation with power 10kW to 10MW of commercial - industrial entities. The scope of the measure is to provide an option to medium and large scale electricity consumers to cover all or part of their electricity consumption from RES.The generated RES electricity that is not self-consumed is credit to the consumer in the respective purchase price of electricity from RES and that amount is subtracted from the cost of the electricity bough from the grid. Fees that reflects the cost of the grid to support continuous supply and taxes (VAT, RES levy) are applied.

Pure electric cars, cars partially rechargeable on electrical networks, and zero-emission cars are exempt from motor vehicle tax, company car tax and registration tax. The rate of motor vehicle tax levied on buses, trucks and lorries is also determined by the environmental classification of the vehicle. Lorries are eligible for additional tax advantages when carrying out combined goods transport. The environmental classification of motor vehicles also determines the rate of the company car tax and registration tax.

The Advanced Clean Truck Regulation is part of a holistic approach to accelerate a large-scale transition of zero-emission medium-and heavy-duty vehicles from Class 2b to Class 8. The regulation has two components including a manufacturer sales requirement, and a reporting requirement: • Zero-emission truck sales: Manufacturers who certify Class 2b-8 chassis or complete vehicles with combustion engines would be required to sell zero-emission trucks as an increasing percentage of their annual California sales from 2024 to 2035. By 2035, zero-emission truck/chassis sales would need to be 55% of Class 2b – 3 truck sales, 75% of Class 4 – 8 straight truck sales, and 40% of truck tractor sales. • Company and fleet reporting: Large employers including retailers, manufacturers, brokers and others are required to report information about shipments and shuttle services. Fleet owners, with 50 or more trucks, are required to report about their existing fleet operations. This information will help identify future strategies to ensure that fleets purchase available zero-emission trucks and place them in service where suitable to meet their needs.

The Domestic Environmental Support Scheme in general provides financial support for projects which improve environmental performance beyond mandatory standards in energy, manufacturing as well as service industry. Projects may be related to all greenhouse gases. Focus areas in the climate change context comprise mainly projects to improve energy efficiency, support the use of renewable energy sources and promote sustainable transport. The legal basis is the Austrian Environmental Support Act, the scheme is administered by Kommunalkredit Public Consulting In 2017 and 2018 federal support of about EUR 100 million in total has been granted for projects with relevance for GHG mitigation (with nearly equal sums in both years). Half of the support was dedicated to energy efficiency, slightly more than one third to renewables. Additional support of more than EUR 50 million for these project stems from the EU and the federal provinces. These projects are expected to bring about a current emission reduction of about 600 kt CO2 p. a. and of 11 million tonnes over their whole life time.

New fiscal incentives for zero and low emission vehicle were introduced in 2017. A return of tax of 5,000 euro for zero-emissions vehicles; - battery electric vehicles (BEV) and fuel cell-electric vehicles (FCEV) - on the annual tax declaration for private car owners has been created. For company cars the deductibility from corporate income of expenses related to the use of company cars will be calculated on the basis of CO2 emissions. Zero emission vehicles benefit to the highest degree.