This document was prepared by the secretariat in response to the request made by the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Paris Agreement, at the second part of its first session, to prepare, by 30 April 2017, a synthesis of all submissions by Parties on agenda item 4, “Further guidance in relation to the adaptation communication, including, inter alia, as a component of nationally determined contributions, referred to in Article 7, paragraphs 10 and 11, of the Paris Agreement”. It synthesizes the 31 submissions received from Parties or groups of Parties by 28 April 2017.