• CNE 2019 Informe Nacional de Monitoreo, Marco de Acción de Sendai
• Desinventar Sendai (http://desinventar.cimafoundation.org/)
• GRAF- UNDRR Costa Rica case study
• Impact of Natural Events during 1988-2018, by sectors, provinces, cantons and districts (MIDEPLAN 2019 https://documentos.mideplan.go.cr/share/s/MQOaFN8jQTGMfuNRKR_IOg)
• Informe Estado de la Nación (http://repositorio.conare.ac.cr:8080/rest/bitstreams/eec19a53-e0cf-49be-b283-56016c9f1070/retrieve)

Preemptive adaptation:

• GCF Readiness funded project “Buiding subnational capacities for implementation of Costa Rica’s National Adaptation Plan (also known as Plan-A project)” (UNEP-MINAE 2019-2022): Includes: efforts to advance in Regional and Local municipal planning for Adaptation; development of a National Adaptation Plan as well as current and future climate risk maps for every canton of the country by 2022 (Plan A Project)
• Local adaptation practices for the agricultural sector (Adapta2-Fundecooperacion)
• Executive Decree on Resilient Infrastructure 2020 (Decreto ejecutivo de infraestructura resiliente (MINAE-MOPT-MIVAH Executive Decree 42465) Repositorio Digital - MOPT
• Proyecto MIDEPLAN - Banco Mundial para inclusión de riesgos climáticos en el Sistema Nacional de Inversión Pública / Efforts to enhance infrastructure resilience by end of 2022 through an assessment of the medium-term investment needs and associated costs (with support of World Bank).
• Reducing exposure and vulnerability of public infrastructure to ensure continuity of services in the face of climate extremes, and the strengthening of the National System for Disaster Risk Management—which has been in force since 2006—and its coordination mechanisms, in line with the Institutional Strategic Plan 2018-2022 of the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Care.

Contingency measures, e.g. through risk financing with regional risk pooling, insurance facilities and bonds, and through social protection measures, etc.:

• The country has an offer of insurance, accessible to the entire population and companies. The National Insurance Institute (INS) is working on a parametric insurance offer for the agricultural sector. In the insurance sector, an insurance promotion agenda for the public infrastructure sector is advancing.
• Some public service institutions already have an insurance and business continuity policy that, among other things, has allowed access to insurance: ICE, CCSS, AyA, RECOPE.

Addressing losses through disaster relief funds, credit facilities etc.:

• The country has a National Emergency Fund, administered by the National Emergency Commision, to finance both its regular work on prevention and preparation and emergency care. The Fund draws on the following sources: 1) Contributions, donations and transfers by natural or legal persons, national or international, state or non-governmental; 2) transfers referred to in Article 46 of the Law (this article states that 3% of the profits and the free and total cumulative surplus of national institutions, are deposited in the National Emergency Fund for the operation of the SNGR); 3) Items allocated in the regular and extraordinary budgets of the Republic; 4) Contributions obtained from financial instruments; and 5) Interest generated by the transitional investment of resources. In practice, for emergency care, the Fund receives resources from the Republic's regular and extraordinary budgets only when emergencies occur that are declared as “national emergency”, and the allocation is specific to address each particular emergency, for which money is deposited.

Disaster risk reduction focused strategies and measures through activities under the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, contingency and trust funds, disaster legislation, etc.:

• National Disaster Risk Reduction Policy 2016-2030
• National Disaster Risk Reduction Plan 2021-2030
• Ley de Emergencias (No. 8488)
• Institutional Strategic Plan 2018-2022 of the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Care (CNE): Strengthening the National Risk Management System (SNGR) is part of the Institutional Strategic Plan 2018-2022 of the National Commission for Risk Prevention and Emergency Care (CNE), even so identified in its mission and vision. Strategic objectives included in Priority 1 of the Institutional Strategic Plan 2018-2022 include: 1) Strengthening SNGR coordination mechanisms for compliance with the National Risk Management Policy and Plan; 2) Developing the capacities of the SNGR to promote a proactive culture environment to disaster risk; and 3) Verifying compliance with the National Risk Management Plan by management areas.

Transformative actions (which could include any such actions already mentioned above):

• Gender and climate change action plan currently under formulation (UNDP)
• Long term Climate Change Strategic Plan 2050 (MINAE-MIDEPLAN)

No.

Collection and management of data and information (including databases, spatial data, systematic observations, establishing baselines, etc):

• Reconstruction of historical climate databases including data rescue from old paper records to support climate information services.
• Use of space technologies in systematic observations and geospatial analyses.
• Establishment of a baseline on non-economic and social loss and damage, as well as regarding culture, territory, indigenous knowledge systems, ecosystem services.
• Development of databases and information services to support risk profiling and risk assessment of a variety of timeframes by different actors and stakeholders in their decision-processes.
• Setting up a registry/Mapping of at-risk populations to assess sea level rise induced relocation costs for coastal communities.

Analyses of data and information (including climate change projections, impact analyses, hazard mapping, etc):

• Development of local to national climate change scenarios and production of projections of climate risk.
• Conduct of pilot loss and damage assessments for certain key agricultural commodities which are vulnerable to climate change, such as rice, aquaculture, and fruits.
• Construction of multivariate impacts and loss databases to support assessments and reporting including through the use of bigdata methods.
• Design of shared database systems to support different ministries and other stakeholders in the country including data collection, storage and sharing protocols and policies.
• Quantitative assessment of risk for important systems to inform decision-making, in particular, selection of risk management approaches.
• Costing of impacts in the present as well as for projected impacts for use in costs-benefit analyses to appraise options.
• Methods for automated and semi-automated inventorying of infrastructure and assets such as involving geospatial technologies and artificial intelligence.
• Estimation and outreach on future climate change risks to inform investor decisions.
• Development of standardized set of risk assessment guidelines for community/subnational level to prepare and maintain inventories of at-risk assets.
• National-scale site characterization to support hazard mapping, zoning and other land use planning.

Design and implementation of projects on Loss and Damage:

• Linking national systematic observations and monitoring to regional and global efforts (for relevant variables, hazards and systems).
• Development of protocols (legal, social, financial, institutional) for relocation to ensure effective buy-in of all stakeholders.
• Development of alternative livelihood programs, livelihood transformation programs, and vocational training for coastal communities and other at-risk population groups.
• Design of proposals and access to financing for climate information services and early warning systems under the GCF and other funding channels.
• Development of funding proposals related to the strategic workstreams of the five-year rolling workplan of the Executive Committee.
• Optimal design of sustainable public works (drainage, transportation and other critical and protective infrastructure).
• Optimizing land use based on available resources (e.g. water resources, energy, etc).
• Optimizing financing between different measures to address risk comprehensively/trade-off analyses in deciding on balance between investment in preemptive measures and measures to address residual risk.
• Sustainable landscape management including nature-based solutions.

Financial instruments (such as insurance, risk pooling, contingency funds, etc):

• Design of combinations of appropriate risk finance tools and instruments applicable to a specific country context and vulnerable groups.
• Development and deployment of forecast-based finance instruments to minimize potential losses to productive systems.
• Design and financing of social protection measures.
• Development of different insurance mechanisms.
• Design of national trust/contingency/recovery funds.
• Development of national finance instruments (bonds, etc).
• Development of regional finance instruments (regional risk facilities, etc).
• Development of legal instruments to manage planned migration.
• Development of curriculum on various relevant aspects of climate change and loss and damage.

Other activities not covered by the above entries:

• Reinsurance schemes for critical infrastructure in highly vulnerable areas to sea level rise (For example Port cities of Puntarenas, Limón Golfito and Quepos)

• Project Plan A (UN Environment-GCF funded)