1. The outcome of the first global stocktake (Decision 1/CMA.5), welcomed the outcomes of and the informal summary report on the 2023 ocean dialogue and encouraged further strengthening of ocean-based action, as appropriate (para. 180).  
2. In the outcome of the first global stocktake, Parties noted in the preamble the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including in forests, the ocean, mountains and the cryosphere, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth including the ocean. 
3. The outcome of the first global stocktake invites Parties to preserve and restore oceans and coastal ecosystems and scale up, as appropriate, ocean-based mitigation action (para. 35). Further, Parties note that ecosystem-based approaches, including ocean-based adaptation and resilience measures, can reduce a range of climate change risks and provide multiple co-benefits (para. 56). 
4. The outcome of the first global stocktake, encourages the implementation of integrated, multi-sectoral solutions, such as nature-based solutions and ecosystem-based approaches, and protecting, conserving and restoring nature and ecosystems, including marine and coastal ecosystems, which may offer economic, social and environmental benefits such as improved resilience and well-being (para.55).  
5. In accordance with decision 2/CMA.5 on the Global goal on adaptation, the outcome of the first global stocktake urges Parties and invites non-Party stakeholders to increase ambition and enhance adaptation action and support, in order to accelerate swift action at scale and at all levels, from local to global, in alignment with other global frameworks, towards the achievement of, inter alia, the target by 2030 and progressively beyond, of reducing climate impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity and accelerating the use of ecosystem-based adaptation and nature-based solutions, including through their management, enhancement, restoration and conservation and the protection of terrestrial, inland water, mountain, marine and coastal ecosystems (para 63 (d)). 

At COP 27/CMA 4, in 2022, the COP Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan (Decision 1/CP.27) and CMA Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan (Decision 1/CMA.4) continued to strengthen ocean-based action under the process and:

            - Encouraged Parties to consider, as appropriate, ocean-based action in their national climate goals and in the implementation of these goals, including but not limited to nationally determined contributions, long-term strategies and adaptation communications (1/CP.27 para 46 and 1/CMA.4 para 79)

The COP, under which the ocean dialogue is mandated, also:

            - Welcomed the outcomes of and key messages from the ocean and climate change dialogue 2022 and decided that future dialogues will, from 2023, be facilitated by two co-facilitators, selected by Parties biennially, who will be responsible for deciding the topics for and conducting the dialogue, in consultation with Parties and observers, and preparing an informal summary report to be presented in conjunction with the subsequent session of the Conference of the Parties.

At COP 26, in the Glasgow Climate Pact 2021, building on the outcomes of the first ocean and climate change dialogue, governments permanently anchored the inclusion of strengthened ocean-based action under the UNFCCC multilateral process. Parties:  

            - Noted the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including forests, the ocean and the cryosphere, and the protection of  biodiversity (preamble);

            - Emphasized the importance of protecting, conserving and restoring nature and ecosystems, including forests and other terrestrial and marine ecosystems, to achieve the long-term global goal of the Convention by acting as sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases and protecting biodiversity, while ensuring social and environmental safeguards (para 2);

            - Recognized the importance of protecting, conserving and restoring ecosystems to deliver crucial services, including acting as sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases, reducing vulnerability to climate change impacts and supporting sustainable livelihoods, including for indigenous peoples and local communities (para 50);

            - Invited the relevant work programmes and constituted bodies under the UNFCCC to consider how to integrate and strengthen ocean-based action in their existing mandates and workplans and to report on these activities within the existing reporting processes, as appropriate (para 60);

            - Invited the SBSTA Chair to hold an annual Ocean and climate change dialogue, and prepare an informal summary report that is made available to the COP at each subsequent session (para 61).

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The COP 25 decision, titled the Chile Madrid Time for Action, included a strong recognition on how important the ocean is in the work towards combatting climate change. The decision:

• Expresses its appreciation and gratitude to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the scientific community for providing the 2019 Special Reports, which reflect the best available science, and encourages Parties to continue to support the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Paragraph 6)

• Commends the efforts of the President of the Conference of the Parties at its twenty-fifth session to highlight the importance of the ocean, including as an integral part of the Earth’s climate system, and of ensuring the integrity of ocean and coastal ecosystems in the context of climate change (Paragraph 29)

• Requests the Chair of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to convene at its fifty-second session (June 2020) a dialogue on the ocean and climate change to consider how to strengthen mitigation and adaptation action in this context (Paragraph 30)

• Invites Parties and non-Party stakeholders to submit inputs via the submission portal by 31 March 2020 to inform the dialogue (Paragraph 32)

• Requests the Chair of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice to prepare an informal summary report on the dialogue (Paragraph 33).

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