The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer controls chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), synthetic compounds which deplete the ozone layer and are also greenhouse gases. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are used as replacements for CFCs and HCFCs in some applications, as they do not deplete the ozone layer. However, as they are greenhouse gases, HFCs and PFCs are covered by the Climate Change Convention and are also included in the six greenhouse gases subject to emission targets under the Kyoto Protocol.

The relationship between efforts to protect the ozone layer and to mitigate climate change was placed on the agenda at SBSTA 9 (Nov 1998). COP 4, held during the same sessional period, invited Parties, the bodies of the Montreal Protocol, intergovernmental organizations and NGOs to provide information on "ways and means" of limiting HFC and PFC emissions, including their use as replacements for ozone-depleting substances (see decision 13/CP.4). In addition, COP 4 encouraged the convening of a joint workshop by the IPCC and the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) of the Montreal Protocol.

The relationship between climate change mitigation and efforts to combat ozone depletion is also under discussion in the intergovernmental bodies of the Montreal Protocol.