Distr.
GENERAL
FCCC/CP/1998/INF.5
30 October 1998
ENGLISH ONLY
CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES
Fourth session
Buenos Aires, 2-13 November 1998
Item 2 (a) of the provisional agenda
The information concerning the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol is presented in two annexes:
Annex I, providing a general status of ratification of the Convention as at
7 October 1998, the dates in the column on ratification being those of receipt of the instrument of ratification or accession by the Depositary;
Annex II, listing in alphabetical order all Parties to the Convention that have signed or ratified the Kyoto Protocol as at 23 October 1998.
GE.98-
1. The text of the Convention was adopted at United Nations Headquarters, New York, on 9 May 1992; it was open for signature at Rio de Janeiro from 4 to 14 June 1992, and thereafter at United Nations Headquarters, New York, from 20 June 1992 to 19 June 1993. By that date the Convention had received 166 signatures. The Convention entered into force on 21 March 1994. Those States that have not signed the Convention may accede to it at any time.
2. For those States that ratify, accept or approve the Convention or accede thereto after the date of entry into force, the Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of the deposit by such State of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
3. This Annex I contains information concerning dates of signature and ratification received from the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as Depositary, as at 7 October 1998.
4. For the purpose of this document, all references to ratification include information on accession, acceptance and approval of the Convention.
1. AFGHANISTAN
2. ALBANIA
3. ALGERIA
4. ANDORRA
5. ANGOLA
6. ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
7. ARGENTINA
8. ARMENIA
9. AUSTRALIA
10. AUSTRIA
11. AZERBAIJAN
12. BAHAMAS
13. BAHRAIN
14. BANGLADESH
15. BARBADOS
16. BELARUS
17. BELGIUM
18. BELIZE
19. BENIN
20. BHUTAN
21. BOLIVIA
22. BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
23. BOTSWANA
24. BRAZIL
25. BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
26. BULGARIA
27. BURKINA FASO
28. BURUNDI
29. CAMBODIA
30. CAMEROON
31. CANADA
32. CAPE VERDE
33. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
34. CHAD
35. CHILE
36. CHINA
37. COLOMBIA
38. COMOROS
39. CONGO
40. COOK ISLANDS
41. COSTA RICA
42. COTE D'IVOIRE
43. CROATIA
44. CUBA
45. CYPRUS
46. CZECH REPUBLIC
47. DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REP.
OF KOREA
48. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF
CONGO
49. DENMARK
50. DJIBOUTI
51. DOMINICA
52. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
53. ECUADOR
54. EGYPT
55. EL SALVADOR
56. EQUATORIAL GUINEA
57. ERITREA
58. ESTONIA
59. ETHIOPIA
60. FIJI
61. FINLAND
62. FRANCE
63. GABON
64. GAMBIA
65. GEORGIA
66. GERMANY
67. GHANA
68. GREECE
69. GRENADA
70. GUATEMALA
71. GUINEA
72. GUINEA-BISSAU
73. GUYANA
74. HAITI
75. HOLY SEE
76. HONDURAS
77. HUNGARY
78. ICELAND
79. INDIA
80. INDONESIA
81. IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC
OF)
82. IRAQ
83. IRELAND
84. ISRAEL
85. ITALY
86. JAMAICA
87. JAPAN
88. JORDAN
89. KAZAKHSTAN
90. KENYA
91. KIRIBATI
92. KUWAIT
93. KYRGYZSTAN
94 .LAO PEOPLE'S DEM. REP.
95. LATVIA
96. LEBANON
97. LESOTHO
98. LIBERIA
99. LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA
100. LIECHTENSTEIN
101. LITHUANIA
102. LUXEMBOURG
103. MADAGASCAR
104. MALAWI
105. MALAYSIA
106. MALDIVES
107. MALI
108. MALTA
109. MARSHALL ISLANDS
110. MAURITANIA
111. MAURITIUS
112. MEXICO
113. MICRONESIA (FEDERATED
STATES OF)
114. MONACO
115. MONGOLIA
116. MOROCCO
117. MOZAMBIQUE
118. MYANMAR
119. NAMIBIA
120. NAURU
121. NEPAL
122. NETHERLANDS*
123. NEW ZEALAND
124. NICARAGUA
125. NIGER
126. NIGERIA
127. NIUE
128. NORWAY
129. OMAN
130. PAKISTAN
131 PALAU
132. PANAMA
133. PAPUA NEW GUINEA
134. PARAGUAY
*For the Kingdom in Europe
135. PERU
136. PHILIPPINES
137. POLAND
138. PORTUGAL
139. QATAR
140. REPUBLIC OF KOREA
141. REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
142. ROMANIA
143. RUSSIAN FEDERATION
144. RWANDA
145. SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
146. SAINT LUCIA
147. SAINT VINCENT AND THE
GRENADINES
148. SAMOA
149. SAN MARINO
150. SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
151. SAUDI ARABIA
152. SENEGAL
153. SEYCHELLES
154. SIERRA LEONE
155. SINGAPORE
156. SLOVAKIA
157. SLOVENIA
158. SOLOMON ISLANDS
159. SOMALIA
160. SOUTH AFRICA
161. SPAIN
162. SRI LANKA
163. SUDAN
164. SURINAME
165. SWAZILAND
166. SWEDEN
167. SWITZERLAND
168. SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
169. TAJIKISTAN
170. THAILAND
171. THE FORMER YUG. REP. OF
MACEDONIA
172. TOGO
173. TONGA
174. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
175. TUNISIA
176. TURKEY
177. TURKMENISTAN
178. TUVALU
179. UGANDA
180. UKRAINE
181. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
182. UNITED KINGDOM*
183. UNITED REPUBLIC OF
TANZANIA
184. UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
185. URUGUAY
186. UZBEKISTAN
187. VANUATU
188. VENEZUELA
189. VIET NAM
190. YEMEN
*In respect of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Isle of Man
191. YUGOSLAVIA
192. ZAMBIA
193. ZIMBABWE
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC
COMMUNITY
Notes:
R = Ratification
At = Acceptance
Ap = Approval
Ac = Accession
(1) Upon signature, the following formal declaration was made:
"The Government of Nauru declares its understanding that signature of the Convention shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provisions in the Convention can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law."
(2) Upon signature, the following formal declaration was made:
"The Government of Tuvalu declares its understanding that signature of the Convention shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provisions in the Convention can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law."
(3) Upon signature, the following formal declaration was made:
"The Government of the Republic of Kiribati declares its understanding that signature and/or ratification of the Convention shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provisions in the Convention can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law."
(4) Upon signature, the following formal declaration was made:
"The European Community and its Member States declare, for the purposes of clarity, that the inclusion of the European Community as well as its Member States in the lists in the Annexes to the Convention is without prejudice to the division of competence and responsibilities between the Community and its Member States, which is to be declared in accordance with Article 21.3 of the Convention."
(5) Upon signature, the following formal declaration was made:
"The Government of Fiji declares its understanding that signature of the Convention shall, in no way, constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provisions in the Convention can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law."
(6) The instrument of ratification contains the following declaration:
"In accordance with sub-paragraph g of article 4.2 of the Convention, the Principality of Monaco declares that it intends to be bound by the provision of sub-paragraphs a and b of said article."
(7) The instrument of ratification was accompanied by the following declaration:
"The Government of the Independent
State of Papua New Guinea declares its understanding that
ratification of the Convention shall in no way constitute a
renunciation of any rights under international law concerning state
responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change as
derogating from the principles of general international law."
(8) The instrument of ratification was accompanied by the following declaration:
"The European Economic Community and its Members States declare that the commitment to limit anthropogenic CO2 emissions set out in Article 4(2) of the Convention will be fulfilled in the Community as a whole though action by the Community and its Member States, within the respective competence of each.
In this perspective, the Community and its Member States reaffirm the objectives set out in the Council conclusions of 29 October 1990, and in particular the objective of stabilization of CO2 emissions by 2000 at 1990 level in the Community as a whole.
The European Community and its Member States are elaborating a coherent strategy in order to attain this objective."
(9) The instrument of ratification contains the following declaration:
"With reference to Article 14 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Government of the Republic of Cuba declares that, insofar as concerns the Republic of Cuba, any dispute that may arise between the Parties concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention shall be settled through negotiations through the diplomatic channel."
(10) Upon deposit, the Government of Hungary made the following declaration:
"The Government of the Republic of Hungary attributes great significance to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and it reiterates its position in accordance with the provision of Article 4.6 of the Convention on certain degree of flexibility that the average level of anthropogenic carbon-dioxide emissions for the period of 1985-1987 will be considered as reference level in context of the commitments under Article 4.2 of the Convention. This understanding is closely related to the "process of transition" as it is given in Article 4.6 of the Convention. The Government of the Republic of Hungary declares that it will do all efforts to contribute to the objective of the Convention."
(11) The instrument of ratification contains the following declaration:
"Now therefore in pursuance of Article 14.2 of the said Convention I hereby declare that the Government of Solomon Islands shall recognise as compulsory, arbitration, in accordance with procedures to be adopted by the Conference of the Parties as soon as practicable, in an annex on arbitrations."
(12) The instrument of ratification contains the following declaration:
"The Republic of Bulgaria declares that in accordance with article 4, paragraph 6, and with respect to paragraph 2 (b) of the said article, it accepts as a basis of the anthropogenic emissions in Bulgaria of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, the 1988 levels of the said emissions in the country and not their 1990 levels, keeping records of and comparing the emission rates during the subsequent years."
13) The Government of the Czech Republic, by letter of 17 November 1995, informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as Depositary, of the following formal declaration:
"[...] I would like to notify you, as Depositary of the Convention, that the Czech Republic intends to be bound by Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Convention. In addition, I would like to advise you to make the following steps:
(1) Delete notion of "Czechoslovakia" in Annex I. Czechoslovakia has never been a Party to the Convention and it no more exists as a State entity.
(2) Include "Czech Republic" in the Annex I Parties. [...]."
(14) The Government of the Slovak Republic, by letter of 29 January 1995, informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as Depositary, of the following formal declaration:
"[...] I would like to notify you, as Depositary of the Convention, that the Slovak Republic intends to be bound by the Article 4, paragraph 2, of the Convention. In addition, I would like to delete the notion of "Czechoslovakia" in Annex I. Czechoslovakia has never been a party to the Convention and it no more exists as a State entity. Instead, Slovakia would be included in Annex I Parties [...]."
(15) The instrument of acceptance contains the following declaration:
"The Republic of Croatia declares, that it intends to be bound by the provisions of the Annex I, as a country undergoing the process of transition to a market economy."
The Protocol was adopted at the third session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC held at Kyoto, Japan, from 1 to 11 December 1997. The Protocol is open for signature by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999 in accordance with its Article 24, paragraph 1.
Article 25, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol states that: "This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession." This Annex II contains information concerning dates of signature and ratification received from the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as Depositary, as at 23 October 1998.
SIGNATURE
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
16/03/98
ARGENTINA
16/03/98
AUSTRALIA*
29/04/98
AUSTRIA*
29/04/98
BELGIUM*
29/04/98
BOLIVIA
09/07/98
BRAZIL
29/04/98
BULGARIA*
18/09/98
CANADA*
29/04/98
CHILE
17/06/98
CHINA
29/05/98
COOK ISLANDS
16/09/98
COSTA RICA
27/04/98
DENMARK*
29/04/98
EL SALVADOR
08/06/98
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY*
29/04/98
FIJI
17/09/98
FINLAND*
29/04/98
FRANCE*
29/04/98
GERMANY*
29/04/98
GREECE*
29/04/98
GUATEMALA
10/07/98
INDONESIA
13/07/98
IRELAND*
29/04/98
ITALY*
29/04/98
.../...
(*) Asterisk indicates Annex I Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
SIGNATURE
JAPAN*
28/04/98
LIECHTENSTEIN*
29/06/98
LITHUANIA*
21/09/98
LUXEMBOURG*
29/04/98
MALDIVES
16/03/98
MALTA
17/04/98
MARSHALL ISLANDS
17/03/98
MEXICO
09/06/98
MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES
OF)
17/03/98
MONACO*
29/04/98
NETHERLANDS*
29/04/98
NEW ZEALAND*
22/05/98
NICARAGUA
07/07/98
NIGER
23/10/98
NORWAY*
29/04/98
PANAMA
08/06/98
PARAGUAY
25/08/98
PHILIPPINES
15/04/98
POLAND*
15/07/98
PORTUGAL
29/04/98
.../...
SIGNATURE
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
25/09/98
SAINT LUCIA
16/03/98
SAINT VINCENT AND THE
GRENADINES
19/03/98
SAMOA
16/03/98
SEYCHELLES
20/03/98
SLOVENIA*
21/10/98
SOLOMON ISLANDS
29/09/98
SPAIN*
29/04/98
SWEDEN*
29/04/98
SWITZERLAND*
16/03/98
TURKMENISTAN
25/09/98
UNITED KINGDOM*
29/04/98
URUGUAY
29/07/98
ZAMBIA
05/08/98
TOTAL
59
(1) European Community:
"The European Community and its Member States will fulfil their respective commitments under Article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol jointly in accordance with the provisions of Article 4."
(5) France:
"La République française se réserve la possibilité, lors de la ratification du Protocole de Kyoto à la Convention cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques, d'exclure ses territoires d'outre-mer du champ d'application de ce Protocole."
(6) Ireland:
"The European Community and the member States, including Ireland, will fulfil their respective commitments under Article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol in accordance with the provisions of
Article 4."
(7) Cook Islands:
"The Government of the Cook Islands declares its understanding that signature and subsequent ratification of the Kyoto Protocol shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of the climate change and that no provision in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law.
In this regard, the Government of the Cook Islands further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligation in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol to be inadequate to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system."