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*Declarations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations were made upon ratification, acceptance,
approval or accession.)
Belgium
Declaration made upon signature:
“This signature engages also the Walloon Region, the Flemish Region and the
Brussels-Capital Region.”
Bulgaria
Declaration:
“The Republic of
Bulgaria recognizes that in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement
developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country
Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of their existing
obligations under the Convention. In this context the Republic of Bulgaria notes that as a
Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Bulgaria is not included
in Annex II.”
China
Declaration:
In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the
People’s Republic of China and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region
of the People’s Republic of China, the Government of the People’s Republic of
China decides that the Agreement applies to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and
the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.
Cook Islands
Declaration:
The Government of the Cook Islands declares its understanding that acceptance of the Paris
Agreement and its application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under
international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change
and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles
of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the
impacts of climate change. The Government of the Cook Islands further declares that, in light
of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its
impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to
be inadequate to prevent a global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees
Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have
severe implications for our national interests.
European Union
Declaration:
“Declaration by the Union made in accordance with Article 20(3) of the Paris Agreement
The following States are at present Members of the European Union: the Kingdom of Belgium,
the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of
Germany, the Republic of Estonia, Ireland, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the
French Republic, the Republic of Croatia, the Italian Republic, the Republic of Cyprus, the
Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Hungary, the
Republic of Malta, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of
Poland, the Portuguese Republic, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic, the
Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland. The European Union declares that, in accordance with the Treaty on the Functioning
of the European Union, and in particular Article 191 and Article 192(1) thereof, it is
competent to enter into international agreements, and to implement the obligations resulting
therefrom, which contribute to the pursuit of the following objectives: - preserving,
protecting and improving the quality of the environment; - protecting human health; - prudent
and rational utilisation of natural resources; - promoting measures at international level to
deal with regional or worldwide environmental problems, and in particular combating climate
change. … The European Union will continue to provide information, on a regular basis
on any substantial modifications in the extent of its competence, in accordance with Article
20(3) of the Agreement.”
India
Declaration:
“The Government of India declares its understanding that, as per its national laws;
keeping in view its development agenda, particularly the eradication of poverty and provision
of basic needs for all its citizens, coupled with its commitment to following the low carbon
path to progress, and on the assumption of unencumbered availability of cleaner sources of
energy and technologies and financial resources from around the world; and based on a fair
and ambitious assessment of global commitment to combating climate change, it is ratifying
the Paris Agreement.”
Marshall Islands
Declaration:
“…the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands declares its
understanding that ratification of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a
renunciation of any rights under any other laws, including international law, and the
communication depositing the Republic's instrument of ratification shall include a
declaration to this effect for international record; FURTHERMORE, the Government of the
Republic of the Marshall Islands declares that, in light of best scientific information and
assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations
in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the aforesaid Paris Agreement to
be inadequate to prevent global temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius above
pre-Industrial levels and as a consequence, will have severe implications for our national
interests…”
Mexico
Interpretative declaration:
… in accordance with their national legal framework, and in consideration of the best
and most up-to-date scientific information available and incorporated by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Mexican States understands greenhouse
gas emissions to mean the release into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases and/or their
precursors and aerosols into the atmosphere, including, where applicable, greenhouse
compounds, within a specific area and during a specific period of time.
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Declaration:
“The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia declares its understanding that
its ratification of the Paris Agreement does not constitute a renunciation of any rights of
the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia under international law concerning State
responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provision in the Paris
Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or
any claims or rights concerning compensation and liability due to the adverse effects of
climate change; and The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia further declares
that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessments on climate change
and its impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in the Paris Agreement to be
inadequate to prevent a global temperature increase above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to
pre-industrial levels, and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for
the national interests of the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia.”
Nauru
Declaration:
“… the Government, of Nauru declares its understanding that the ratification of
the Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law
concerning State responsibility [for] the adverse effects of climate change. FURTHER, the
Government of Nauru declares that no provisions in the Agreement can be interpreted as
derogating from the principles of general international law. AND FURTHER, the Government of
Nauru declares its understanding that Article 8 and decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 51 in no way
limits the ability of Parties to UNFCCC or the Agreement to raise, discuss, or address any
present or future concerns regarding the issues of liability and compensation. The Republic
of Nauru put forth its concern intended to recognize and acknowledge its national
interest...”
Netherlands
Declaration:
“The Kingdom of
the Netherlands, for the European part of the Netherlands, declares in accordance with
Article 14, paragraph 2, of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in
conjunction with Article 24 of the Paris Agreement, that it accepts both means of dispute
settlement referred to in that paragraph as compulsory in relation to any Party accepting one
or both means of dispute settlement.”
Niue
Declaration:
“The Government of Niue declares its understanding that acceptance of the Paris
Agreement and its application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under
international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change
and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles
of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the
impacts of climate change.
The Government of Niue further declares that, in light of the best available scientific
information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions
reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global
temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial
levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for our national
interests.”
Philippines
Declaration:
“THAT it is the understanding of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines that
its
accession to and the implementation of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a
renunciation of rights under any local and international laws or treaties, including those
concerning
State responsibility for loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate
change;
THAT, the accession to and implementation of the Paris Agreement by the Republic of the
Philippines is for the purpose of supporting the country's national development
objectives and priorities such as sustainable industrial development, the eradication of
poverty and provision of basic needs, and securing social and climate justice and energy
security for all its citizens.”
Poland
Declaration made upon signature:
“The Government of the Republic of Poland recognizes that under Article 9 paragraph 1
of the Paris Agreement developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist
developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of
their existing obligations under the Convention. In this context the Government of the
Republic of Poland notes that Poland is a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change not included in Annex II.”
Solomon Islands
Declaration:
“… the Government of Solomon Islands declares its understanding that acceptance
of the aforesaid Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights
under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate
change; FURTHER, that the Government of Solomon Islands declares that no provision in this
Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law
or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to impacts of climate change; AND that
the Government of Solomon Islands declares that the low ambition of the Paris Agreement and
its adequacy to stabilize global temperature to safe level of below 1.5 degree Celsius, such
emissions will have severe impacts and undermining our sustainable development
efforts…”
Spain
Declaration:
In the case where this
Agreement is ratified by the United Kingdom and its application extended to the territory of
Gibraltar, Spain wishes to make the following declaration:
1. Gibraltar is a non-autonomous territory whose
international relations come under the responsibility of the United Kingdom and which is
subject to a decolonisation process in accordance with the relevant decisions and resolutions
of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
2. The authorities of Gibraltar have a local
character and exercise exclusively internal competences which have their origin and their
foundation in the distribution and attribution of competences performed by the United Kingdom
in compliance with its internal legislation, in its capacity as sovereign State on which the
mentioned non-autonomous territory depends.
3. As a result, the eventual participation of
authorities of Gibraltar in the application of this Agreement will be understood as carried
out exclusively as part of the internal competences of Gibraltar and cannot be considered to
modify in any way what was established in the two previous paragraphs.
4. The application of this Agreement to Gibraltar
cannot be interpreted as an recognition of any rights or situations regarding areas not
covered by article 10 of the Treaty of Utrecht of 13 July 1713, concluded between the Crowns
of Spain and of the United Kingdom.
Tuvalu
Declaration:
“The Government of Tuvalu hereby notifies that it will apply the Paris Agreement
provisionally as provided for in paragraph 4 of Decision 1/CP.21. […] The Government of
Tuvalu further declares its understanding that acceptance of the aforesaid Paris Agreement
and its provisional application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under
international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change
and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles
of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the
impacts of climate change. The Government of Tuvalu further declares that, in light of the
best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it
considers the emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be
inadequate to prevent a global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees
Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have
severe implications for our national interests.”
Vanuatu
Declaration:
“WHEREAS the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu declares its understanding that
ratification of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights
under any other laws, including international law, and the communication depositing the
Republic’s instrument of ratification shall include a declaration to this effect for
international record; FURTHERMORE, that the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu declares
that, in light of best scientific information and assessment on climate change and its
impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol,
the Doha Amendment and the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent global
temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-Industrial levels and as a consequence,
will have severe implications for our national interests...”
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entered into force
