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Paris Agreement - Status of Ratification
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Parties have ratified of 197 Parties to the Convention
On 5 October 2016, the threshold for entry into force of the Paris Agreement was achieved. The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA1) will take place in Marrakech in conjunction with COP 22 and CMP 12. More information available soon.
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The Paris Agreement  entered into force on 4 November 2016, thirty days after the date on which at
least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the
total global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession with the Depositary.
The list below contains the latest information concerning dates of signature and receipt of
instruments of ratification by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as Depositary of
the Kyoto Protocol. The dates in the third column are those of the receipt of the instrument
of ratification, acceptance (A) or approval (AA).
Authoritative information on the status of the Paris Agreement, including information on
signatories to the Agreement, ratification and entry into force, is provided by the
Depositary, through the United Nations Treaty Collection website, which can be accessed
here, and the Depositary Notifications which are available here.
Background information related to the ratification, acceptance, approval or accession of the
Paris Agremeent, as well as its entry into force can be found here.
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Paris Agreement
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Paris, 12 December 2015
Entry into force: 4 November 2016
Status: Signatories: 193. Parties: 112
Note: The Paris Agreement was adopted on 12 December 2015 at the twenty-first
session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
held in Paris from 30 November to 13 December 2015. In accordance with its article 20, the Agreement
shall be open for signature at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 22 April 2016 until
21 April 2017 by States and regional economic integration organizations that are Parties to the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
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Participant
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Signature
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Ratification
Acceptance (A)
Approval (AA)
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AFGHANISTAN
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22 Apr 2016
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ALBANIA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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ALGERIA
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22 Apr 2016
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20 Oct 2016
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ANDORRA
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22 Apr 2016
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ANGOLA
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22 Apr 2016
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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ARGENTINA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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ARMENIA
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20 Sep 2016
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AUSTRALIA
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22 Apr 2016
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9 Nov 2016
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AUSTRIA
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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AZERBAIJAN
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22 Apr 2016
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BAHAMAS
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Aug 2016
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BAHRAIN
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22 Apr 2016
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BANGLADESH
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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BARBADOS
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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BELARUS
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016 A
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BELGIUM*
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22 Apr 2016
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BELIZE
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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BENIN
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22 Apr 2016
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31 Oct 2016
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BHUTAN
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22 Apr 2016
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BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
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22 Apr 2016
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BOTSWANA
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22 Apr 2016
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11 Nov 2016
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BRAZIL
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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BULGARIA
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22 Apr 2016
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BURKINA FASO
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22 Apr 2016
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11 Nov 2016
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BURUNDI
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22 Apr 2016
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CABO VERDE
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22 Apr 2016
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CAMBODIA
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22 Apr 2016
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CAMEROON
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22 Apr 2016
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29 Jul 2016
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CANADA
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
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22 Apr 2016
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11 Oct 2016
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CHAD
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22 Apr 2016
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CHILE
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20 Sep 2016
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CHINA*
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22 Apr 2016
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3 Sep 2016
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COLOMBIA
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22 Apr 2016
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COMOROS
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22 Apr 2016
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CONGO
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22 Apr 2016
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COOK ISLANDS*
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24 Jun 2016
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1 Sep 2016
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COSTA RICA
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22 Apr 2016
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13 Oct 2016
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COTE D'IVOIRE
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22 Apr 2016
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25 Oct 2016
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CROATIA
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22 Apr 2016
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CUBA
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22 Apr 2016
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CYPRUS
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22 Apr 2016
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CZECH REPUBLIC
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22 Apr 2016
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DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA
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22 Apr 2016
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1 Aug 2016
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
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22 Apr 2016
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DENMARK (1)
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22 Apr 2016
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1 Nov 2016 (A)
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DJIBOUTI
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22 Apr 2016
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11 Nov 2016
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DOMINICA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
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22 Apr 2016
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ECUADOR
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26 July 2016
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EGYPT
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22 Apr 2016
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EL SALVADOR
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22 Apr 2016
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EQUATORIAL GUINEA
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22 Apr 2016
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ERITREA
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22 Apr 2016
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ESTONIA
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22 Apr 2016
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4 Nov 2016
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ETHIOPIA
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22 Apr 2016
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EUROPEAN UNION*
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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FIJI
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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FINLAND
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22 Apr 2016
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14 Nov 2016
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FRANCE
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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GABON
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22 Apr 2016
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2 Nov 2016
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GAMBIA
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26 Apr 2016
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7 Nov 2016
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GEORGIA
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22 Apr 2016
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GERMANY
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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GHANA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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GREECE
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22 Apr 2016
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14 Oct 2016
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GRENADA
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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GUATEMALA
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22 Apr 2016
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GUINEA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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GUINEA-BISSAU
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22 Apr 2016
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GUYANA
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22 Apr 2016
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20 May 2016
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HAITI
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22 Apr 2016
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HONDURAS
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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HUNGARY
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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ICELAND
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016 A
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INDIA*
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22 Apr 2016
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2 Oct 2016
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INDONESIA
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22 Apr 2016
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31 Oct 2016
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IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
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22 Apr 2016
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IRELAND
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22 Apr 2016
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4 Nov 2016
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ISRAEL
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22 Apr 2016
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ITALY
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22 Apr 2016
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11 Nov 2016
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JAMAICA
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22 Apr 2016
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JAPAN
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22 Apr 2016
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8 Nov 2016 A
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JORDAN
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22 Apr 2016
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4 Nov 2016
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KAZAKHASTAN
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2 Aug 2016
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KENYA
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22 Apr 2016
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KIRIBATI
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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KUWAIT
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22 Apr 2016
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KYRGYZSTAN
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21 Sep 2016
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LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
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22 Apr 2016
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7 Sep 2016
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LATVIA
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22 Apr 2016
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LEBANON
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22 Apr 2016
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LESOTHO
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22 Apr 2016
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LIBERIA
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22 Apr 2016
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LIBYA
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22 Apr 2016
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LIECHTENSTEIN
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22 Apr 2016
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LITHUANIA
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22 Apr 2016
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LUXEMBOURG
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22 Apr 2016
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4 Nov 2016
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MADAGASCAR
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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MALAWI
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20 Sep 2016
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MALAYSIA
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22 Apr 2016
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16 Nov 2016
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MALDIVES
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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MALI
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22 Apr 2016
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23 Sep 2016
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MALTA
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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MARSHALL ISLANDS*
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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MAURITANIA
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22 Apr 2016
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MAURITIUS
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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MEXICO*
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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MICRONESIA* (FEDERATED STATES OF)
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22 Apr 2016
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15 Sep 2016
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MONACO
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22 Apr 2016
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24 Oct 2016
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MONGOLIA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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MONTENEGRO
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22 Apr 2016
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MOROCCO
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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MOZAMBIQUE
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22 Apr 2016
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MYANMAR
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22 Apr 2016
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NAMIBIA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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NAURU*
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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NEPAL
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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NETHERLANDS
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22 Apr 2016
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NEW ZEALAND (2)
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22 Apr 2016
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4 Oct 2016
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NIGER
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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NIGERIA
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22 Sep 2016
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NIUE*
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28 Oct 2016
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28 Oct 2016
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NORWAY
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22 Apr 2016
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20 June 2016
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OMAN
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22 Apr 2016
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PAKISTAN
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22 Apr 2016
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10 Nov 2016
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PALAU
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22 Apr 2016
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22 April 2016
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PANAMA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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PAPUA NEW GUINEA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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PARAGUAY
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22 Apr 2016
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14 Oct 2016
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PERU
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22 Apr 2016
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25 Jul 2016
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PHILIPPINES
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22 Apr 2016
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POLAND*
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22 Apr 2016
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7 Oct 2016
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PORTUGAL
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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QATAR
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22 Apr 2016
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REPUBLIC OF KOREA
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22 Apr 2016
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3 Nov 2016
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REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
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21 Sep 2016
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ROMANIA
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22 Apr 2016
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RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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22 Apr 2016
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RWANDA
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22 Apr 2016
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6 Oct 2016
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SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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22 Apr 2016
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22 April 2016
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SAINT LUCIA
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22 Apr 2016
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22 April 2016
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SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
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22 Apr 2016
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29 Jun 2016
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SAMOA
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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SAN MARINO
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22 Apr 2016
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SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
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22 Apr 2016
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2 Nov 2016
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SAUDI ARABIA
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3 Nov 2016
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3 Nov 2016
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SENEGAL
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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SERBIA
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22 Apr 2016
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SEYCHELLES
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25 Apr 2016
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29 Apr 2016
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SIERRA LEONE
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22 Sep 2016
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1 Nov 2016
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SINGAPORE
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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SLOVAKIA
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22 Apr 2016
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5 Oct 2016
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SLOVENIA
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22 Apr 2016
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SOLOMON ISLANDS*
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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SOMALIA
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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SOUTH AFRICA
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22 Apr 2016
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1 Nov 2016
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SOUTH SUDAN
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22 Apr 2016
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SPAIN
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22 Apr 2016
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SRI LANKA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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STATE OF PALESTINE
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22 Apr 2016
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22 Apr 2016
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SUDAN
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22 Apr 2016
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SURINAME
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22 Apr 2016
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SWAZILAND
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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SWEDEN
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22 Apr 2016
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13 Oct 2016
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SWITZERLAND
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22 Apr 2016
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TAJIKISTAN
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22 Apr 2016
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THAILAND
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
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22 Apr 2016
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TIMOR-LESTE
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22 Apr 2016
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TOGO
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19 Sep 2016
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TONGA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
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22 Apr 2016
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TUNISIA
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22 Apr 2016
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TURKEY
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22 Apr 2016
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TURKMENISTAN
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23 Sep 2016
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21 Oct 2016
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TUVALU*
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22 Apr 2016
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22 April 2016
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UGANDA
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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UKRAINE
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22 Apr 2016
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19 Sep 2016
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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016 A
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UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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22 Apr 2016
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18 Nov 2016
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
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22 Apr 2016
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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22 Apr 2016
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3 Sep 2016 A
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URUGUAY
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22 Apr 2016
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19 Oct 2016
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VANUATU*
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22 Apr 2016
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21 Sep 2016
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VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF)
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22 Apr 2016
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VIET NAM
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22 Apr 2016
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3 Nov 2016 AA
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YEMEN
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23 Sep 2016
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ZAMBIA
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20 Sep 2016
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ZIMBABWE
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22 Apr 2016
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(1) With territorial exclusion in respect of Greenland. See
C.N.819.2016.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d of 1 November 2016.
(2) With a territorial exclusion. See
C.N.723.2016.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d of 4 October 2016.6.
*Declarations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations were made upon ratification, acceptance, approval
or accession.)
Belgium
Declaration made upon signature:
“This signature engages also the Walloon Region, the Flemish Region and the
Brussels-Capital Region.”
China
Declaration:
In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the
People’s Republic of China and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region
of the People’s Republic of China, the Government of the People’s Republic of China
decides that the Agreement applies to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao
Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.
Cook Islands
Declaration:
The Government of the Cook Islands declares its understanding that acceptance of the Paris
Agreement and its application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under
international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and
that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of
general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the impacts of
climate change. The Government of the Cook Islands further declares that, in light of the best
available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers
the emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to
prevent a global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to
pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for
our national interests.
European Union
Declaration:
“Declaration by the Union made in accordance with Article 20(3) of the Paris Agreement
The following States are at present Members of the European Union: the Kingdom of Belgium, the
Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of
Germany, the Republic of Estonia, Ireland, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the
French Republic, the Republic of Croatia, the Italian Republic, the Republic of Cyprus, the
Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Hungary, the
Republic of Malta, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of
Poland, the Portuguese Republic, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic, the
Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland. The European Union declares that, in accordance with the Treaty on the Functioning of
the European Union, and in particular Article 191 and Article 192(1) thereof, it is competent
to enter into international agreements, and to implement the obligations resulting therefrom,
which contribute to the pursuit of the following objectives: - preserving, protecting and
improving the quality of the environment; - protecting human health; - prudent and rational
utilisation of natural resources; - promoting measures at international level to deal with
regional or worldwide environmental problems, and in particular combating climate change.
… The European Union will continue to provide information, on a regular basis on any
substantial modifications in the extent of its competence, in accordance with Article 20(3) of
the Agreement.”
India
Declaration:
“The Government of India declares its understanding that, as per its national laws;
keeping in view its development agenda, particularly the eradication of poverty and provision
of basic needs for all its citizens, coupled with its commitment to following the low carbon
path to progress, and on the assumption of unencumbered availability of cleaner sources of
energy and technologies and financial resources from around the world; and based on a fair and
ambitious assessment of global commitment to combating climate change, it is ratifying the
Paris Agreement.”
Marshall Islands
Declaration:
“…the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands declares its understanding
that ratification of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any
rights under any other laws, including international law, and the communication depositing the
Republic's instrument of ratification shall include a declaration to this effect for
international record; FURTHERMORE, the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands
declares that, in light of best scientific information and assessment on climate change and its
impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol,
the Doha Amendment and the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent global
temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-Industrial levels and as a consequence,
will have severe implications for our national interests…”
Mexico
Interpretative declaration:
… in accordance with their national legal framework, and in consideration of the best and
most up-to-date scientific information available and incorporated by the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, the United Mexican States understands greenhouse gas emissions to mean
the release into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors and aerosols into
the atmosphere, including, where applicable, greenhouse compounds, within a specific area and
during a specific period of time.
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Declaration:
“The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia declares its understanding that its
ratification of the Paris Agreement does not constitute a renunciation of any rights of the
Government of the Federated States of Micronesia under international law concerning State
responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provision in the Paris
Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any
claims or rights concerning compensation and liability due to the adverse effects of climate
change; and The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia further declares that, in
light of the best available scientific information and assessments on climate change and its
impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in the Paris Agreement to be
inadequate to prevent a global temperature increase above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to
pre-industrial levels, and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for
the national interests of the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia.”
Nauru
Declaration:
“… the Government, of Nauru declares its understanding that the ratification of the
Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law
concerning State responsibility [for] the adverse effects of climate change. FURTHER, the
Government of Nauru declares that no provisions in the Agreement can be interpreted as
derogating from the principles of general international law. AND FURTHER, the Government of
Nauru declares its understanding that Article 8 and decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 51 in no way
limits the ability of Parties to UNFCCC or the Agreement to raise, discuss, or address any
present or future concerns regarding the issues of liability and compensation. The Republic of
Nauru put forth its concern intended to recognize and acknowledge its national
interest...”
Niue
Declaration:
“The Government of Niue declares its understanding that acceptance of the Paris Agreement
and its application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international
law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no
provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general
international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the impacts of climate
change.
The Government of Niue further declares that, in light of the best available scientific
information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions
reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global
temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial
levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for our national
interests.”
Poland
Declaration made upon signature:
“The Government of the Republic of Poland recognizes that under Article 9 paragraph 1 of
the Paris Agreement developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist
developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of
their existing obligations under the Convention. In this context the Government of the Republic
of Poland notes that Poland is a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change not included in Annex II.”
Solomon Islands
Declaration:
“… the Government of Solomon Islands declares its understanding that acceptance of
the aforesaid Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under
international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change;
FURTHER, that the Government of Solomon Islands declares that no provision in this Paris
Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any
claims or rights concerning compensation due to impacts of climate change; AND that the
Government of Solomon Islands declares that the low ambition of the Paris Agreement and its
adequacy to stabilize global temperature to safe level of below 1.5 degree Celsius, such
emissions will have severe impacts and undermining our sustainable development
efforts…”
Tuvalu
Declaration:
“The Government of Tuvalu hereby notifies that it will apply the Paris Agreement
provisionally as provided for in paragraph 4 of Decision 1/CP.21. […] The Government of
Tuvalu further declares its understanding that acceptance of the aforesaid Paris Agreement and
its provisional application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under
international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and
that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of
general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the impacts of
climate change. The Government of Tuvalu further declares that, in light of the best available
scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the
emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a
global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to
pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for
our national interests.”
Vanuatu
Declaration:
“WHEREAS the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu declares its understanding that
ratification of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights
under any other laws, including international law, and the communication depositing the
Republic’s instrument of ratification shall include a declaration to this effect for
international record; FURTHERMORE, that the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu declares
that, in light of best scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts,
it considers the emission reduction obligations in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol, the Doha
Amendment and the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent global temperature
increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-Industrial levels and as a consequence, will have
severe implications for our national interests...”
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First nationally determined contribution
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By decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 22, the COP invited Parties to communicate their first nationally determined
contribution (NDC) no later than when the Party submits its respective instrument of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession. If a Party has communicated an intended nationally determined
contribution (INDC) prior to joining the Agreement, that Party shall be considered to have satisfied this
provision unless that Party decides otherwise. Further information be found here.
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