Methodologies and tools to estimate and monitor changes in forest cover and associated carbon stocks and GHG emissions, incremental changes due to sustainable management of forest, and reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation are essential.

A combination of remote-sensing and ground-based assessments could be one suitable approach for estimating and monitoring reductions in emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Different methodologies and tools exist that can be used to estimate emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as carbon stock changes associated; new methodologies and tools are emerging.