Forest monitoring

E-learning series: National forest inventory

The national forest inventory (NFI) e-learning series consisting of eight courses provides an overview of the key phases of an NFI, from planning to implementation, and from data gathering to reporting. The series consists of 8 courses, available in English.

Community Monitoring of Natural Resource Systems and the Environment

Community monitoring can track environmental phenomena, resource use, and natural resource management processes of concern to community members. It can also contribute to planning and decision-making and empower community members in resource management. While community monitoring that addresses the environmental crisis is growing, it also gathers data on other global challenges: climate change, social welfare, and health. Some environmental community monitoring programs are challenged by limited collective action and community participation, insufficient state responsiveness to data and proposals, and lack of sustainability over time. Additionally, community members monitoring the environment are increasingly harassed and sometimes killed. Community monitoring is more effective with improved data collection, improved data management and sharing, andstronger efforts to meet community information needs, enable conflict resolution, and strengthen self-determination. Other promising areas for development are further incorporating governance issues, embracing integrated approaches at the community level, and establishing stronger links to national and global frameworks.

The Concept, Practice, Application, and Results of Locally Based Monitoring of the Environment

Locally based monitoring is typically undertaken in areas in which communities have a close attachment to their natural resource base. We present a summary of work to develop a theoretical and practical understanding of locally based monitoring and we outline tests of this approach in research and practice over the past 20 years. Our tests show that locally based monitoring delivers credible data at local scale independent of external experts and can be used to inform local and national decision making within a short timeframe. We believe that monitoring conducted by and anchored in communities will gain in importance where scientist-led monitoring is sparse or too expensive to sustain and for ecosystem attributes in cases in which remote sensing cannot provide credible data. The spread of smartphone technology and online portals will further enhance the importance and usefulness of this discipline.

Creating Synergies between Citizen Science and Indigenous and Local Knowledge

Citizen science (CS) is receiving increasing attention as a conduit for Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) in ecosystem stewardship and conservation. Drawing on field experience and scientific literature, we explore the connection between CS and ILK and demonstrate approaches for how CS can generate useful knowledge while at the same time strengthening ILK systems. CS invites laypersons to contribute observations, perspectives, and interpretations feeding into scientific knowledge systems. In contrast, ILK can be understood as knowledge systems in its own right, with practices and institutions to craft legitimate and useful knowledge. Such fundamental differences in how knowledge is generated, interpreted, and applied need to be acknowledged and understood for successful outcomes. Engaging with complementary knowledge systems using a multiple evidence base approach can improve the legitimacy of CS initiatives, strengthen collaborations through ethical and reciprocal relationships with ILK holders, and contribute to better stewardship of ecosystems.

Connecting Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in Environmental Observing

Effective responses to rapid environmental change rely on observations to inform planning and decision-making. Reviewing literature from 124 programs across the globe and analyzing survey data for 30 Arctic community-based monitoring programs, we compare top-down, large-scale program driven approaches with bottom-up approaches initiated and steered at the community level. Connecting these two approaches and linking to Indigenous and local knowledge yields benefits including improved information products and enhanced observing program efficiency and sustainability. We identify core principles central to such improved links: matching observing program aims, scales, and ability to act on information; matching observing program and community priorities; fostering compatibility in observing methodology and data management; respect of Indigenous intellectual property rights and the implementation of free, prior, and informed consent; creating sufficient organizational support structures; and ensuring sustained community members’ commitment. Interventions to overcome challenges in adhering to these principles are discussed.

The Use of Digital Platforms for Community-Based Monitoring

Environmental observing programs that are based on Indigenous and local knowledge increasingly use digital technologies. Digital platforms may improve data management in community-based monitoring (CBM) programs, but little is known about how their use translates into tangible results. Drawing on published literature and a survey of 18 platforms, we examine why and how digital platforms are used in CBM programs and illuminate potential challenges and opportunities. Digital platforms make it easy to collect, archive, and share CBM data, facilitate data use, and support understanding larger-scale environmental patterns through interlinking with other platforms. Digital platforms, however, also introduce new challenges, with implications for the sustainability of CBM programs and communities’ abilities to maintain control of their own data. We expect that increased data access and strengthened technical capacity will create further demand within many communities for ethically developed platforms that aid in both local and larger-scale decision-making.

Community-Based Monitoring of Tropical Forest Crimes and Forest Resources Using Information and Communication Technology – Experiences from Prey Lang, Cambodia

The use of smartphones for data collection has opened up new opportunities for communities wishing to engage in community-based monitoring. While information and communication technology (ICT) is able to systematize data collection, complex functions and observation types can present challenges for community members. ICT also may skew community participation towards young men, as they are sometimes more comfortable using smartphones. This study investigates the success and cost-effectiveness of having local forest monitors use ICT to collect data on forest crimes and forest resources in Prey Lang, Cambodia. A workshop was held with the Prey Lang Community Network to identify the resources and illegal activities to be monitored. Guided by the community members, a smartphone app was subsequently developed and a total of 36 community members were trained in its use. We examined the extent to which the capacity of community members to collect data was dependent upon the complexity of the ICT and on their age and gender. We also assessed the costs of the monitoring program over a two-year period. The community members were able to collect large amounts of data regardless of their gender or age. They made 10,842 entries of data on illegal logging and forest resources. Increased complexity of the app had no impact on the proportion of quality data collected. The cost of monitoring resembled other community-based monitoring programs but was notably less than for monitoring by professional foresters. Our findings suggest that local communities with little formal education are able to monitor forest crimes and forest resources cost-effectively using ICT; however, while the documentation collected was highly valuable, software and hardware maintenance, along with the digital data validation process, will continue to require external support.

Can Community Members Identify Tropical Tree Species for REDD+ Carbon and Biodiversity Measurements?

Biodiversity conservation is a required co-benefit of REDD+. Biodiversity monitoring is therefore needed, yet in most areas it will be constrained by limitations in the available human professional and financial resources. REDD+ programs that use forest plots for biomass monitoring may be able to take advantage of the same data for detecting changes in the tree diversity, using the richness and abundance of canopy trees as a proxy for biodiversity. If local community members are already assessing the above-ground biomass in a representative network of forest vegetation plots, it may require minimal further effort to collect data on the diversity of trees. We compare community members and trained scientists’ data on tree diversity in permanent vegetation plots in montane forest in Yunnan, China. We show that local community members here can collect tree diversity data of comparable quality to trained botanists, at one third the cost. Without access to herbaria, identification guides or the Internet, community members could provide the ethno-taxonomical names for 95% of 1071 trees in 60 vegetation plots. Moreover, we show that the community-led survey spent 89% of the expenses at village level as opposed to 23% of funds in the monitoring by botanists. In participatory REDD+ programs in areas where community members demonstrate great knowledge of forest trees, community-based collection of tree diversity data can be a cost-effective approach for obtaining tree diversity information.

Community Monitoring of Carbon Stocks for REDD+: Does Accuracy and Cost Change over Time?

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+) is a potentially powerful international policy mechanism that many tropical countries are working towards implementing. Thus far, limited practical consideration has been paid to local rights to forests and forest resources in REDD+ readiness programs, beyond noting the importance of these issues. Previous studies have shown that community members can reliably and cost-effectively monitor forest biomass. At the same time, this can improve local ownership and forge important links between monitoring activities and local decision-making. Existing studies have, however, been static assessments of biomass at one point in time. REDD+ programs will require repeated surveys of biomass over extended time frames. Here, we examine trends in accuracy and costs of local forest monitoring over time. We analyse repeated measurements by community members and professional foresters of 289 plots over two years in four countries in Southeast Asia. This shows, for the first time, that with repeated measurements community members’ biomass measurements become increasingly accurate and costs decline. These findings provide additional support to available evidence that community members can play a strong role in monitoring forest biomass in the local implementation of REDD+.

A Multicountry Assessment of Tropical Resource Monitoring by Local Communities

The rapid global growth of conservation schemes designed to incentivize local communities to conserve natural resources has placed new importance on biological monitoring to assess whether agreements and targets linked to payments are being met. To evaluate competence in natural resource monitoring, we compared data on status and trends collected independently by local-community members and trained scientists for 63 taxa and five types of resource use in 34 tropical forest sites across four countries over 2.5 years. We hypothesized that the results would vary according to differences in the education and value systems of the monitors. We found that, despite considerable differences in countries, cultures, and the types of natural resources monitored, the community members and the scientists produced similar results for the status of and trends in species and natural resources. Our findings highlight the potential value of locally based natural resource monitoring for conservation decisionmaking across developing countries.

Linking Public Participation in Scientific Research to the Indicators and Needs of International Environmental Agreements

Different monitoring approaches collect data that can measure progress toward achieving global environmental indicators. These indicators can: (1) Audit management actions; (2) Inform policy choices; and (3) Raise awareness among the public and policy makers. We present a generic, empirically based, framework of different environmental monitoring approaches, ranging from scientist-driven to those undertaken by local people. This framework is used to assess monitoring possibilities for the Convention on Biological Diversity “2020” indicators, and those of 11 other international environmental agreements. Of the 186 indicators in these 12 environmental agreements, 69 (37%) require monitoring by professional scientists, whereas 117 (63%) can involve community members as “citizen scientists.” Promoting “community-based” and “citizen science” approaches could significantly enrich monitoring progress within global environmental conventions. It would also link environmental monitoring to awareness raising and enhanced decision-making at all levels of resource management.

Testing Focus Groups as a Tool for Connecting Indigenous and Local Knowledge on Abundance of Natural resources with Science-Based Land Management Systems

One of the clearly stated intentions of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is to bring both “western scientific” and “indigenous and local” knowledge systems within synthetic global, regional, and thematic assessments. A major challenge will be how to use, and quality-assure, information derived from different knowledge systems. We test how indigenous and local knowledge on natural resources in Miskito and Mayangna communities in Nicaragua, validated through focus groups with community members, compares with information collected on line transects by trained scientists. Both provide comparable data on natural resource abundance, but focus groups are eight times cheaper. Such approaches could increase the amount and geographical scope of information available for assessments at all levels, while simultaneously empowering indigenous and local communities who generally have limited engagement in such processes.

Community Monitoring for REDD+: International Promises and Field Realities

Will community monitoring assist in delivering just and equitable REDD+? We assessed whether local communities can effectively estimate carbon stocks in some of the world’s most carbon rich forests, using simple field protocols, and we reviewed whether community monitoring exists in current REDD+ pilots. We obtained similar results for forest carbon when measured by communities and professional foresters in 289 vegetation plots in Southeast Asia. Most REDD+ monitoring schemes, however, contain no community involvement. To close the gulf between United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change texts on involving communities and field implementation realities, we propose greater embedding of community monitoring within national REDD+ pilot schemes, which we argue will lead to a more just REDD+.

Reshaping conservation: the social dynamics of participatory monitoring in Tanzania’s community-managed forests

Drawing on a study of community-managed forest reserves in southern Tanzania, this article discusses how community members engage and shape inclusive protected area management practices to produce outcomes that were not intended by external implementers. The article shows how a participatory natural resource monitoring scheme operating in the area becomes part of the villagers’ collective and individual efforts to assert their claims to territory and resources vis-a-vis the state, other communities, and other community members. By altering the monitoring procedures in subtle ways, community members strengthen the monitoring practices to their advantage, and to some extent move them beyond the reach of government agencies and conservation and development practitioners. This has led to outcomes that are of greater social and strategic value to communities than the original ‘planned’ benefi ts, although the monitoring scheme has also to some extent become dominated by local ‘conservation elites’ who negotiate the terrain between the state and other community members. Our findings suggest that we need to move beyond simplistic assumptions of community strategies and incentives in participatory conservation and allow for more adaptive and politically explicit governance spaces in protected area management.

How much do large-scale and small-scale farming contribute to global deforestation?

The study presented in this document expands on the work conducted during the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) 2020 Remote Sensing Survey (RSS) and revisits the extensive dataset of areas where deforestation occurred over periods 2000–2010 and 2010–2018 to subclassify and assess deforestation drivers. Notably, considering the importance it would have in designing appropriate strategies for halting deforestation, the study assesses the share of agriculture-driven deforestation linked to small-scale and large-scale farming, both for cropping and livestock systems. The goal was not only to further characterize the global deforestation drivers in 2000–2018 but also to identify methods and tools that can help in exploring the deforestation drivers using Earth Observation – by adding more options to the original FRA RSS query and by trying to define subjective characteristics of the activities.

The world’s mangroves 2000–2020

This report provides global and regional estimates of the area covered by mangrove forests, including area changes between 2000 and 2020. It analyses the drivers of these global, regional and subregional changes for the periods 2000–2010 and 2010–2020 with the aim of improving understanding of these drivers, their interactions and how their relative importance has shifted over time. In the study that underpins this report, FAO developed and validated an easy, repeatable methodology that integrates remote sensing with local knowledge. An FAO team and 48 image interpreters worldwide collected and analysed data on mangrove area in 2020, change in mangrove area between 2000 and 2020, and the drivers of change over the two decades. It is the first global study of mangrove area to provide information on land use rather than land cover.

Unlocking the secrets of mangroves

Where land and sea meet, a unique ecosystem is found: mangrove forests. Whether offering protection from climate change, supporting livelihoods, biodiversity and more, mangroves benefit us all. In the first study of its kind, FAO, with experts around the world, uncovered a wealth of information on the extent of mangrove forests globally, as well a glimpse into what causes mangrove losses and gains. Find out more about this precious ecosystem and see how mangroves affect our daily lives.

Institutionalization of forest data

This eLearning course intends to establish a clear path towards a more efficient and effective use of forest data, underscoring the crucial significance of institutionalizing a robust national forest monitoring system (NFMS) within countries. Additionally, it emphasizes transparency, sustainability, and data-sharing as critical pillars for the successful implementation of an NFM strategy. Published in July 2023 Available in English, soon also in Spanish and French

Sharing the experience on “Forest and land monitoring for climate action – SEPAL” facilitated course

The overall objective of this course is to support knowledge and skills development to operationally apply high-resolution satellite imagery to critical forest and land monitoring in tropical forest countries. More specifically, the course focuses on how the System for Earth Observation Data Access, Processing and Analysis for Land Monitoring (SEPAL) platform can support land and forest monitoring for climate action. This facilitated course has been adapted and made available in self-paced mode to share the content and associated resources that were developed for it, offering a comprehensive learning experience. IMPORTANT: This version of the course enables users to achieve a Digital Badge upon successfully passing the final test. It was designed and developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and was funded by Norway’s International Climate and Forests Initiative (NICFI), and the United Kingdom’s Department for Energy Security and Net Zero. Published in July 2023 Available in English, Spanish and French

Sharing the "Forests and Transparency under the Paris Agreement" MOOC multilingual experience

Participants learnt about the importance of forest-related data collection, analysis and dissemination in meeting the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) requirements of the Paris Agreement. This MOOC is made available here in order to share the associated materials and resources that were specifically developed for it, thus offering you a richer, more comprehensive set of learning materials than the self-paced e-learning course. Please note that this “MOOC experience” is certified: by passing the final test you can earn your Forests and Transparency Digital Badge certification! The MOOC was jointly developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and funded by the Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) trust fund of the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Published on Dec 2021, revised June 2023. The course is available in English, Spanish and French.

Forests and Transparency under the Paris Agreement

The objective of this eLearning course is to learn about the Enhanced Transparency Framework (EFT) under the Paris Agreement. It will be useful to those wishing to understand the importance of forest-related data collection, analysis and dissemination in meeting the Enhanced Transparency Framework requirements. Originally published in June 2020. Updated in February 2023. The eLearning course is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish

Nested governance for effective REDD+: Institutional and political arguments

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Forest Enhancement (REDD+) has become a central focus of global climate change mitigation efforts. Even though the international demand for forest-based carbon sequestration is the key driver of REDD+, forest protection strategies must be implemented on the ground. This cross-scale nature of REDD+ explains why scholars and policy makers increasingly favor nested governance arrangements over either fully centralized or fully decentralized REDD+ governance. The focus of the literature on nested REDD+ governance has mostly been on monitoring, reporting, and verification of carbon emission reductions across sub-national, national, and international levels. We build on Ostrom’s principle of ‘nested enterprises’ to argue that REDD+ must be designed to systematically and formally link national policy reforms with the organization and execution of sub-national (regional and local) forest conservation efforts led by forest users. We also contribute new insights on the political dimensions of nestedness in REDD+, with important roles for inter-community forestry associations and forest rights movements.

REDD-plus COOKBOOK

This Cookbook is an easy-to-understand technical manual which provide basic knowledge and techniques required for REDD-plus with the main focus on the forest carbon monitoring methods. It comprises of four parts: "Introduction", "Planning", "Technical", and "Reference Guide". "Introduction" is designed for the policy makers and their partner organizations working for the introduction of REDD-plus at national/sub-national level, "Planning" is intended for the planners and managers of REDD-plus implementing organizations/ countries working on REDD-plus at national/sub-national level, and "Technical" for the experts who work on the REDD-plus activities at national/sub-national level.

REDD-plus COOKBOOK

This Cookbook is an easy-to-understand technical manual which provide basic knowledge and techniques required for REDD-plus with the main focus on the forest carbon monitoring methods. It comprises of four parts: "Introduction", "Planning", "Technical", and "Reference Guide". "Introduction" is designed for the policy makers and their partner organizations working for the introduction of REDD-plus at national/sub-national level, "Planning" is intended for the planners and managers of REDD-plus implementing organizations/ countries working on REDD-plus at national/sub-national level, and "Technical" for the experts who work on the REDD-plus activities at national/sub-national level.

REDD-plus Libro de Recetas

This Cookbook is an easy-to-understand technical manual which provide basic knowledge and techniques required for REDD-plus with the main focus on the forest carbon monitoring methods. It comprises of four parts: "Introduction", "Planning", "Technical", and "Reference Guide". "Introduction" is designed for the policy makers and their partner organizations working for the introduction of REDD-plus at national/sub-national level, "Planning" is intended for the planners and managers of REDD-plus implementing organizations/ countries working on REDD-plus at national/sub-national level, and "Technical" for the experts who work on the REDD-plus activities at national/sub-national level.

The State of the World's Forests (SOFO) 2022

The 2022 edition of The State of the World’s Forests explores the potential of three forest pathways for achieving green recovery and tackling environmental crises, including climate change and biodiversity loss against the backdrop of the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use and the pledge of 140 countries to eliminate forest loss by 2030 and to support restoration and sustainable production and consumption. The three interrelated pathways are halting deforestation and maintaining forests; restoring degraded lands and expanding agroforestry; and sustainably using forests and building green value chains. The balanced, simultaneous pursuit of these pathways can generate sustainable economic and social benefits for countries and their rural communities, help sustainably meet increasing global demand for materials, and address environmental challenges. The State of the World’s Forests 2022 presents evidence on the feasibility and value of the pathways and outlines initial steps that could be taken to further pursue them. There is no time to lose – action is needed now to keep the global temperature increase below 1.5 °C, reduce the risk of future pandemics, ensure food security and nutrition for all, eliminate poverty, conserve the planet’s biodiversity, and offer young people hope of a better world and a better future for all.

An assessment of uptake of the Global Core Set of Forest-related Indicators

The twenty-fifth session of the Committee on Forestry (CPF) requested FAO to analyse - in collaboration with members of the CPF - the uptake of the Global Core Set of forest related Indicators (GCS) by other reporting processes and the extent to which they decrease reporting burden on countries. To respond to this request, conducted a user survey among the CPF partners and other forest data and information reporting processes. The survey received 26 responses from 22 organizations, with 100 percent coverage of CPF Members.

A guide to forest-water management

Available in English, French, Spanish The purpose of A Guide to Forest–Water Management is to improve the global information base on the protective functions of forests for soil and water. It reviews emerging techniques and methodologies, provides guidance and recommendations on how to manage forests for their water ecosystem services, and offers insights into the business and economic cases for managing forests for water ecosystem services.

Exploring our forests

See the world’s forests in a new light Take a look at our forests from two different vantage points. Along the way, you’ll get some fascinating insights into the valuable role they play in our lives.

A fresh perspective Global Forest Resource Assessment 2020

This digital report contains the main findings of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (FRA 2020). FRA 2020 examines the status of, and trends in, more than 60 forest-related variables in 236 countries and territories in the period 1990–2020. The information provided by FRA presents a comprehensive view of the world’s forests and the ways in which the resource is changing. Such a clear global picture supports the development of sound policies, practices and investments affecting forests and forestry.

FRA platform

FAO has been monitoring the world’s forests at 5 to 10 year intervals since 1946. The Global Forest Resources Assessments (FRA) are now produced every five years in an attempt to provide a consistent approach to describing the world’s forests and how they are changing. The Assessment is based on two primary sources of data: Country Reports prepared by National Correspondents and remote sensing that is conducted by FAO together with national focal points and regional partners. The scope of the FRA has changed regularly since the first assessment published in 1948. These assessments make an interesting history of global forest interests, both in terms of their substantive content, but also in their changing scope.

Key findings Global Forest Resource Assessment 2020

Available in English, French, Russian, Spanish This publication contains the main findings of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (FRA 2020). The data in FRA 2020 have been obtained through a transparent, traceable, reporting process and a well- established network of officially nominated national correspondents. The information provided by FRA presents a comprehensive picture of the world's forests and the ways the resource is changing. Such a clear global picture supports the development of sound policies, practices and investements affecting forests and forestry.

Global Forest Resource Assessment 2020

Available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish This, the latest of these assessments, examines the status of, and trends in, forest resources over the period 1990–2020, drawing on the efforts of hundreds of experts worldwide. The production of FRA 2020 also involved collaboration among many partner organizations, thereby reducing the reporting burden on countries, increasing synergies among reporting processes, and improving data consistency.

SIMFlor Programme

The SIMFlor Programme objective is to promote the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code, acquiring the rights to Forest Reserve Credits (CRAs) from landholdings that have native vegetation exceeding the minimum area required by the Code (Excess Legal Reserve - ELR), creating an incentive to conserve natural forest, reduce deforestation and protect existing biodiversity. The programme has already secured R$ 1 billion Reais for the implementation of the Forest Code, with an initial focus on the Brazilian Amazon. This will enable the conservation of 500,000 ha of native vegetation (of which, 100,000 ha of excess legal reserve that can be legally deforested) and store 300 MtCO2e in these areas (of which 60 MtCO2e in areas of excess legal reserves). Providing that a landholding meets the Eligibility Criteria of the programme, any landowner can apply for participation in the programme.

Developing Capacity for National Forest Monitoring Systems UN-REDD Support and Innovative Solutions for Collecting, Managing and Reporting Forest Data

Forests are a crucial part of the climate solution if sustainably managed, and sustainable management requires up-to-date, unbiased, accurate and transparent information. • National forest monitoring systems (NFMS) are a foundation for national decision-making, monitoring the implementation and effects of forest policy actions, sustainable forest management, REDD+ and the enhanced transparency framework for action and support of the Paris Agreement under UNFCCC, through the provision of transparent, reliable, relevant, accessible and sustainable forest data.

Forest Tenure and REDD+: Good Practice, Lessons Learned and Recommendations

Land and forest tenure systems greatly influence a country’s ability to reduce deforestation and forest degradation. Clear and secure tenure rights over forests are an enabling condition for REDD+ because they provide an incentive for sustainable management and conservation of forests. Tenure rights holders tend to have a stronger interest in the long-term sustainability of forest resources. With secure tenure rights comes a sense of ownership and responsibility, as well as a belief that maintenance of this productive resource will provide consistent benefits for both current and future generations.

10+ years of UN-REDD expertise and best practice;

10+ years of UN-REDD expertise and best practice; to the most current topics and knowledge from our broad range of Programme experts.

Nota Informativa N°37. Actualización a escala nacional de los mapas de Desertificación, Degradación de las Tierras y Sequía (DDTS) de Chile.

En este estudio CONAF presenta la metodología y los resultados de información mejorada, actualizada y espacializada a nivel nacional, que permita abordar para un nuevo periodo el enfoque de Desertificación, Degradación de las Tierras y Sequía (DDTS) al año 2018 en Chile.

Sistema de Medición y Monitoreo de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales

El Sistema de Medición y Monitoreo (SMM) de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales 2017-2025 (ENCCRV), pretende proporcionar datos e información transparente, consistente y precisa a lo largo del tiempo, que permita presentar y demostrar los resultados de las intervenciones de la ENCCRV, especialmente las que se implementen de forma directa en el territorio, mediante la estimación de la situación histórica e inicial a través de un sistema que permita medir, reportar y generar los insumos para verificar las variaciones ocurridas durante la implementación.

Assessing the state of Sudan's forests

Under the project “Support for the design of the MRV System in the framework of REDD+ Readiness in the Sudan” and with financial support of the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has been supporting the Government of Sudan, particularly the Forests National Corporation (FNC) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, in the development of a robust National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) to obtain up-to-date, reliable, transparent and accessible information about the state of the country’s forests and guide decision and policymaking for sustainable management of Sudan’s forest resources.

Final Report - Sudan National Forest Inventory

Key results on Sudan National Forest Inventory

Building global capacity to increase transparency in the forest sector. Two years in numbers 2021

A brief infographic that presents activities and products of the Building global capacity to increase transparency in the forest sector (CBIT-Forest)” implemented by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) trust fund of the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

Outil d’évaluation du système de suivi national des forêts : Guide rapide

L’outil d’évaluation du système de suivi national des forêts (SSNF) a été conçu dans le cadre du projet “Renforcer les capacités mondiales pour accroître la transparence dans le secteur forestier (CBIT-Forest)” mis en œuvre par l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) et financé par le fonds fiduciaire Initiative de renforcement des capacités en matière de transparence (CBIT) du Fonds pour l’environnement mondial (FEM). L’outil vise à aider les pays à mener une évaluation exhaustive du suivi des forêts dans trois domaines complémentaires – dispositifs institutionnels, mesure et estimation, et rapport et vérification. L’outil s’appuie sur les Directives volontaires sur le suivi national des forêts (DVSNF) de la FAO, renforcées par la REDDcompass de l’Initiative mondiale pour l’observation des forêts et incorporant la vaste expérience de terrain de la FAO du suivi des forêts dans différents contextes nationaux

Herramienta de evaluación del sistema nacional de monitoreo forestal: Guía rápida

La herramienta de evaluación del sistema nacional de monitoreo forestal (SNMF) ha sido desarrollada en el marco del proyecto “Fomento de la capacidad global para aumentar la transparencia en el sector forestal (IFCT-Bosques)”, ejecutado por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) y financiado por el fondo fiduciario de la Iniciativa para el Fomento de la Capacidad de Transparencia (IFCT) del Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial (FMAM). La herramienta tiene por objeto ayudar a los países a llevar a cabo una evaluación completa de la capacidad de monitoreo forestal en torno a tres temas complementarios - arreglos institucionales, medición y estimación, y presentación de informes y verificación. La herramienta se basa en las Directrices Voluntarias sobre Monitoreo Forestal Nacional (DVMFN) de la FAO reforzadas por REDDcompass de la Iniciativa Mundial de Observación de los Bosques (GFOI) e incorporando la amplia experiencia sobre el terreno de la FAO en el monitoreo forestal en diferentes contextos nacionales.

National forest monitoring system assessment tool : Quick guidance

The national forest monitoring system (NFMS) assessment tool has been developed under the project “Building global capacity to increase transparency in the forest sector (CBIT-Forest)” implemented by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) trust fund of the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The tool aims to assist countries in carrying out a comprehensive capacity assessment of forest monitoring across three complementary themes – institutional arrangements, measurement and estimation, and reporting and verification. The tool is based on FAO’s Voluntary Guidelines on National Forest Monitoring (VGNFM) reinforced by the REDDcompass of the Global Forest Observations Initiative (GFOI) and incorporating FAO’s extensive field experience of forest monitoring in different national contexts.

Vers des données sur les forêts ouvertes et transparentes pour l’action climatique: expériences et leçons apprises

«Renforcer les capacités mondiales pour accroître la transparence dans le secteur forestier (CBIT-Forest)» est un projet mené par l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO) et financé par le fonds fiduciaire Initiative de renforcement des capacités en matière de transparence (CBIT) du Fonds pour l’environnement mondial (FEM), qui a duré deux ans et demi. Ce projet mondial a renforcé les capacités institutionnelles et techniques des pays en développement pour la collecte, l’analyse et la diffusion des données sur les forêts. Il a aidé les pays à atteindre les exigences du Cadre de transparence renforcé issu de l’Accord de Paris et apporté l’information nécessaire au suivi des progrès liés à la mise en oeuvre et à l’atteinte de leurs contributions détérminées au niveau national.

Hacia datos forestales abiertos y transparentes para la acción climática: experiencias y lecciones aprendidas

“Fomento de la capacidad global para aumentar la transparencia en el sector forestal (CBIT-Forest)” es un proyecto liderado por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) y financiado por el fondo fiduciario de la Iniciativa para el Fomento de la Capacidad de Transparencia (IFCT) del Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial (FMAM) con una duración de dos años y medio. El proyecto global fortaleció las capacidades institucionales y técnicas de los países en desarrollo para recopilar, analizar y difundir datos relacionados con los bosques. Prestó apoyo a los países en el cumplimiento de los requisitos de MTR en virtud del Acuerdo de París y contribuyó con la información necesaria para el seguimiento de los avances relacionados con la aplicación y el logro de sus NDC.

Towards open and transparent forest data for climate action: experiences and lessons learned

“Building global capacity to increase transparency in the forest sector (CBIT-Forest)” is a project led by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and financed by the Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency (CBIT) trust fund of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) with a lifespan of two and a half years. The global project strengthened the institutional and technical capacities of developing countries to collect, analyze and disseminate forest-related data. It supported countries in meeting the enhanced transparency framework (ETF) requirements of the Paris Agreement and contributed information necessary to track progress related to implementing and achieving their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

National Forest Monitoring System Roadmap of Lao PDR

The NFMS Roadmap of Lao PDR is developed as a shared vision for developing the NFMS and to enhance coordinated actions among the stakeholders. It is made through a consultative process and provides clear orientation for developing further and operationalizing the NFMS for Lao PDR. It aims to describe the current NFMS and proposes potential for improvements into the future. It mainly shows the conceptual design of NFMS including the composition and phased approach, methodology of each component, institutional arrangement and action calendar for implementing and managing the NFMS in Lao PDR. It has a nature as a ‘living document’ which will be updated as necessary by reflecting the changes over time.

REDD-plus COOKBOOK by REDD Research and Development Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute of Japan (English)

This Cookbook is an easy-to-understand technical manual for policy makers, practitioners and stakeholders which provide basic knowledge and techniques required for REDD-plus with the main focus on the forest carbon monitoring methods. It comprises of four parts: "Introduction", "Planning", "Technical", and "Reference Guide". "Introduction" is designed for the policy makers and their partner organizations working for the introduction of REDD-plus at national/sub-national level, "Planning" is intended for the planners and managers of REDD-plus implementing organizations/countries working at national/sub-national level, and "Technical" for the experts who work on REDD-plus at national/sub-national level. "Reference Guide" provides additional information which is useful for users to have a better understanding of "Introduction" and "Planning".

National Forest Monitoring System

This document describes the National Forest Monitoring System that Costa Rica will use to perform the following functions i. Calculation of activity data (SMST), ii. Estimation of Emission Factors (IFN), iii. Estimation of Emissions and Absorption (INGEI), iv. Reporting and Verification.

Remisión Oficial información del Programa REDD+ Early Movers Colombia incluida en el Registro Interino de Reducciones de Emisiones para el tercer desembolso

Tabla de contabilidad de carbono de la region de referencia en el periodo 2013-2014 identificando las emisiones reducidas

Remisión Oficial información del Programa REDD+ Early Movers Colombia incluida en el Registro Interino de Reducciones de Emisiones para el segundo desembolso

Tabla de contabilidad de carbono de la región de referencia en el período 2013-2014 identificando las emisiones reducidas

Remision Oficial informacion del Programa REDD+ Early Movers Colombia incluida en el Registro Interno de Reducciones de Emisiones

Tabla de contabilidad de carbono de la region de referencia en el periodo 2013-2014 identificando las emisiones reducidas

Remisión Oficial información del Programa REDD+ Early Movers Colombia incluida en el Registro Interino de Reducciones de Emisiones para el cuarto desembolso

Comunicación oficial referente al registro interino de contabilidad de las emisiones reducidas (ER) remuneradas y no remuneradas asociadas al programa REM, que certifica la inclusión y cancelación de esas ER en el Registro. Incluye la información relacionada con el cuarto desembolso

Registro Interino de contabilidad de emisiones para el bioma amazónico Colombiano

Registro interino con la contabilidad de carbono en el bioma de la amazonia en el período 2013, 2014 y 2015 identificando las emisiones reducidas verificadas.

Cambodia Forest Cover 2016

The primary purpose of this booklet is to provide specific information on the forest cover 2016 of Cambodia, which can be used as a reference in developing plans, formulation of environmental policy, National Protected Area Strategic Management Plan and conservation forest resource, and to provide key activity data for implementation of REDD+ in Cambodia. Information and data represented in this booklet follow the most recent IPCC’s guidelines on transparency, completeness, consistency and accuracy. This data and information is also an additional source to the 2006-2016 forest cover change dataset of PA system, which was published last August 2017.

Cambodia National Forest Monitoring System

Cambodia developed a national forest monitoring system (NFMS) for the purpose of implementing REDD+ activities and also for ordinary forest management based on existing mechanisms and tools. This draft document describes the design of the NFMS which will be constructed in a phased approach.

Nota Informativa N°13. Sistema de Alerta Temprana (SAT) para la detección de cambios en los recursos vegetacionales de Chile

Nota Informativa sobre el diseño implementación del Sistema de Alerta Temprana (SAT) con énfasis en cambios en la vegetación y su potencial expansión a otras aplicaciones en la gestión de distintos recursos naturales, que se vincula a la Medida de acción transversal MT.7. “Fortalecimiento de los programas de fiscalización forestal y ambiental”, especialmente en el elemento asociado a fortalecimiento de la capacidad institucional de CONAF

Informative Note N° 11. Chile-Mexico Binational Cooperation Project regarding forests and climate change

Summary of the activities developed during the Chile-Mexico Binational Cooperation Project regarding forests and climate change

Nota Informativa N°11. Proyecto de cooperación binacional México – Chile en materia de bosques y cambio climático

Descripción de las actividades ejecutadas durante el Proyecto de cooperación binacional México – Chile en materia de bosques y cambio climático, en el marco de la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales y la Estrategia Nacional REDD de México (ENAREDD+)

Informative Note N°9. Chile’s Subnational Forest Reference Emission Levels/Forest Reference Levels Regions

Chile’s Subnational Forest Reference Emission Levels/Forest Reference Levels Regions between El Maule and Los Lagos.

Nota Informativa N°9. Nivel de Referencia de Emisiones Forestales/Nivel de Referencia Forestal subnacional de Chile

Nivel de Referencia de Emisiones Forestales/Nivel de Referencia Forestal subnacional de Chile Regiones entre el Maule y Los Lagos.

Nota Informativa N°3. Análisis de Emisiones y Absorciones de Carbono Forestal en el Bosque Mediterráneo de Chile.

Análisis de Emisiones y Absorciones de Carbono Forestal en el Bosque Mediterráneo de Chile.

Nivel de Referencia de Emisiones Forestales / Nivel de Referencia Forestal Subnacional de Chile

El NREF/NRF corresponde a la referencia para evaluar el rendimiento de los países que están implementando sus actividades REDD+, este debe caracterizar las emisiones históricas de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) y proyectarlas hacia el futuro, con la intención de medir el desempeño del enfoque de políticas asociadas a REDD+. El NREF/NRF se realizó bajo una escala subnacional, la que incluye 5 regiones del país con alta presencia de bosque nativo.

Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) CHILE

Documento Marco de la ENCCRV el cual define el objetivo, objetivos específicos, visión, misión establecida para esta. Además, detalla el contexto nacional e internacional en materia de cambio climático y recursos vegetacionales, la propuesta técnica que incluye el detalle de las medidas de medidas de acción y presupuesto para combatir las causales de deforestación, devegetación, degradación de recursos vegetacionales y problemas asociados para aumentar su cobertura y calidad.

From reference levels to results reporting: REDD+ under the UNFCCC

This publication provides a status report on progress and achievements related to the MRV of REDD+ activities, as well as an update on activities related to countries’ submissions of theirForest Reference (Emission) Levels (FRELs/FRLs). The report also summarizes experiences with the technical assessment process, as of early 2017, and offers an overview of initial REDD+ results reporting and technical analyses of those reports.

Conservação das Florestas para Combater as Mudanças Climáticas

Em dezembro de 2015, com a assinatura do Acordo de Paris, as nações do mundo chegaram a um acordo histórico, abrangente e coletivo para combater as mudanças climáticas. O objetivo principal do acordo no âmbito da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima – CQNUMC (em inglês, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – UNFCCC) é manter o aumento da temperatura média global abaixo de 2° C em relação aos níveis pré-industriais, buscando esforços para que este aumento não passe de 1,5° C. O referido acordo reconhece o papel fundamental das florestas, incluindo ações para deter e reverter as taxas de desmatamento e de degradação florestal nos países em desenvolvimento, que têm contribuído com até 20% das emissões anuais de gases de efeito estufa. Para ajudar os países nessas ações, o acordo inclui uma estrutura de políticas e de incentivos para reduzir o desmatamento e a degradação florestal e aumentar o armazenamento de carbono nas florestas por meio da conservação e da gestão sustentável, o que inclui ações relacionadas ao REDD+.

Conservar los bosques para combatir el cambio climático

En diciembre del 2015, con la firma del Acuerdo de París, las naciones del mundo llegaron a un consenso sobre un enfoque histórico, colectivo y exhaustivo para combatir el cambio climático. El objetivo principal del acuerdo, conforme a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC), es mantener el aumento de la temperatura media mundial muy por debajo de los 2 °C con respecto a los niveles preindustriales, e intentar limitar el aumento a 1.5 °C. El acuerdo reconoce el papel fundamental de los bosques y de las acciones para detener y revertir la tasa de deforestación y degradación forestal en los países en desarrollo, que han aportado hasta el 20 % de las emisiones anuales de gases de efecto invernadero. Con el fn de ayudar a los países a efectuar estas acciones, el acuerdo incluye un marco de políticas e incentivos para reducir la deforestación y la degradación forestal, y aumentar el almacenamiento de carbono en los bosques mediante la conservación y el manejo sostenible. Este marco se conoce como REDD+.

Conserver les forêts pour lutter contre le changement climatique

En décembre 2015, avec la signature de l’Accord de Paris, les pays du monde entier se sont accordés sur une approche historique, collective et complète pour lutter contre le changement climatique. Le principal objectif de l’accord, sous la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique (CCNUCC) est de maintenir la montée de la température moyenne de par le monde bien en-deçà de 2oC au-dessus des niveaux préindustriels et d’essayer de limiter l’augmentation à 1,5oC. Au sein de cet accord se trouve la reconnaissance du rôle essentiel des forêts, y compris des actions visant à arrêter la déforestation et la dégradation de la forêt et à inverser leur rythme dans les pays en développement. La déforestation et la dégradation de la forêt contribuent jusqu’à hauteur de 20% aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Pour accompagner les pays dans ces actions, l’accord inclut un cadre de politiques et d’incitations pour la réduction de la déforestation et de la dégradation de la forêt, ainsi que l’augmentation des stocks de carbone dans les forêts par le biais de la conservation et d’une gestion durable. C’est ce que l’on appelle la REDD+.

Intégration des données de télédétection et d’observation au sol pour l’estimation des émissions et des absorptions de gaz à effet de serre dans les forêts: Méthodes et pratiques recommandées par l’Initiative mondiale pour l’observation des forêts, Versio

Le MGD vise à compléter les orientations du GIEC, les approches adoptées par le programme ONU-REDD, le programme américain Silvacarbon, le FCPF de la Banque mondiale et le cahier de référence GOFC-GOLD en fournissant des conseils basés sur l'expérience accumulée sur l'utilisation conjointe de télécommande Détection et données terrestres, spécifiques aux activités REDD +. Il s'agit de l'édition 2 de la MGD. Il met à jour l'édition 1 (publiée en janvier 2014), en tenant compte des développements récents, y compris des soumissions officielles de niveau de référence REDD + à la CCNUCC, des augmentations de la disponibilité des données et de nouvelles recherches.

Integración de las observaciones por teledetección y terrestres para estimar las emisiones y absorciones de gases de efecto invernadero en los bosques: Métodos y Orientación de la Iniciativa Mundial de Observación de los Bosques, Edición 2.0

El MGD pretende complementar las orientaciones del IPCC, los enfoques adoptados por el Programa ONU-REDD, el programa Silvacarbon de los Estados Unidos, el FCPF del Banco Mundial y el libro de fuentes GOFC-GOLD, proporcionando asesoramiento basado en la experiencia acumulada en el uso conjunto del control remoto Sensores y datos basados en tierra, específicos de las actividades de REDD +. Esta es la Edición 2 de la MGD. Se actualiza la Edición 1 (publicada en enero de 2014), teniendo en cuenta los desarrollos recientes incluyendo las presentaciones oficiales de nivel de referencia de REDD + a la CMNUCC, los aumentos en la disponibilidad de datos y las nuevas investigaciones.

Integrating remote-sensing and ground-based observations for estimation of emissions and removals of greenhouse gases in forests: Methods and Guidance from the Global Forest Observations Initiative. Edition 2.0.

The GFOI Methods and Guidance Document (MGD) aims to increase mutual understanding between REDD+ policy and technical experts and relevant science communities, to guide the collection of relevant forestry data related to REDD+, and to assist sharing of data and experiences. The MGD aims to complement the guidance from the IPCC, the approaches taken by the UN-REDD Programme, the US Silvacarbon programme, the World Bank FCPF and the GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook by providing advice based on the accumulated experience on the joint use of remote sensing and ground-based data, specific to REDD+ activities. This is Edition 2 of the MGD. It updates Edition 1 (published in January 2014), taking account of recent developments including official REDD+ reference level submissions to the UNFCCC, increases in data availability and new research.

REDDcompass

Progressively work through the key themes, concepts and actions of REDD+ National Forest Monitoring Systems (NFMS) for Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) gaining access to a suite of GFOI methods and guidance, space data resources, training materials and tools along the way.

Mapping REDD+: A visual guide to UNFCCC decisions

Mapping REDD+: A visual guide to UNFCCC decisions, an all-inclusive resource for REDD+ negotiators, practitioners, policy makers, and funders. REDD+ is ready for implementation, and a thorough understanding of relevant UNFCCC articles and decisions is needed to move forward and scale up action. In this comprehensive resource, we visually map the UNFCCC articles and decisions related to REDD+, and the connections between them, presenting all relevant decisions within one user-friendly document. The information is grouped into categories for easy reference regarding the subsets of REDD+ themes – such as finance, safeguards, and MRV – to ensure the highest levels of clarity and accessibility. The majority of the text is taken verbatim from official UNFCCC decisions, including citations, so readers can refer back to the original documents for additional context. Mapping REDD+ is a complete source of the relevant articles and decisions needed to make informed and UNFCCC-compliant decisions, for anyone working within the REDD+ framework, from planning, to finance, to implementation.

Letter Of Intent (LOI)

Document which set the obligations for both parties, namely DRC and CAFI, in terms of milestones to be complied with by DRC and the necessary funding CAFI will have to provide for the implementation of the DRC National REDD+ Investment Plan

Lettre d'Intention (LOI)

Document qui détermine les obligations des deux parties, à savoir la RDC et l'Initiative pour les Forêts de l'Afrique Centrale (CAFI), en terme de jalons à atteindre pour la RDC et des financements à assurer par CAFI pour la mise en oeuvre du Plan d'investissement National REDD+

National REDD+ Investment Plan

Programatic framework translating the National REDD+ Strategy into sectoral activities and key reforms, with project files related to the pilars identified in the National REDD+ Strategy

Plan National d'Investissement REDD+

Cadre de programmation qui décline la mise en oeuvre de la Stratégie Nationale REDD+, en terme d'activités sectorielles, des politiques et des réformes clés, notamment avec des fiches projets qui sont présentés correspondant aux piliers de la Stratégie.

Stratégie Nationale REDD+ Appendices

Annexes au Document de la Stratégie Nationale REDD+

Stratégie Nationale REDD+

Document de référence qui identifie les moteurs directs et indirects de la déforestation et de la dégradation forestière. Il précise la vision du Gouvernement pour un développement économique et social du pays à faible carbone, à l’horizon 2035, centrée sur 7 piliers d’intervention stratégique, dont 3 piliers sectoriels (agriculture, énergie e forêt) et 4 piliers habilitants (gouvernance, aménagement de territoire, reforme foncière et démographie)

Conserving Forests to Combat Climate Change

In December 2015, the Paris Agreement recognized the critical role of forests in combating climate change. This recognition included actions to halt and reverse the rate of deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, which have contributed up to 20 percent of annual greenhouse gas emissions. To assist countries in these actions, the agreement includes a framework of policies and incentives for reducing deforestation and forest degradation and increasing carbon storage in forests through conservation and sustainable management. This is known as REDD+, a mechanism that has evolved over a decade of discussions, research, and negotiations to become a key piece of the newly adopted climate architecture. The aim of REDD+ is to halt and reverse forest cover and carbon loss in developing countries by helping countries shift to low-emissions development pathways by increasing the value of healthy forests relative to other land uses. Achieving and sustaining the objectives of REDD+ requires the transformation of economic activities within and outside of forests, often referred to as the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. A solid understanding of REDD+ and the Paris Agreement is needed to accomplish these economic transformations and conserve forests as natural places, carbon stocks, and sustainable resources. This paper describes what REDD+ is, in a manner that is accessible to policy makers, scientists and civil society and in a form that is completely consistent with the UNFCCC decisions and agreements.

Jurisdictional Approaches to Zero Deforestation Commodities

Increasing numbers of governments, foundations, NGOs, and companies are looking to jurisdictional scale approaches as ways to help deliver sustainable and deforestation-free agricultural commodities. Jurisdictional approaches to zero-deforestation commodities (JA-ZDCs) lie at the intersection of three existing strategies to reduce forest loss and degradation, along with improving the health and sustainability of rural and frontier economies: landscape approaches, jurisdictional approaches, and voluntary corporate sustainability efforts. These three strategies are increasingly converging. This WWF discussion paper maps the current landscape of why, where, who, and how actors are approaching this convergence, based on more than twenty-five interviews with thought leaders in this space. We find that: - There are at least a few dozen examples of JA-ZDCs; however, most are relatively nascent in their development - These approaches take many different angles – including ’bottom-up‘ multi-stakeholder initiatives, global demand-side signals for commodities produced in reduced-deforestation jurisdictions, and place-based supply-side signals, e.g., in the form of jurisdictional certifications - Though there is a mix of enthusiasm and caution about the potential of JA-ZDCs, most interviewees view them as a challenging but promising development to help drive governments and commodity businesses (especially producers) to the table to establish shared goals and pathways to achieving them Key priorities looking forward will include continued experimentation, innovation, and knowledge sharing from early initiatives; increased opportunities for forest country governments to articulate specifically what they need from private sector actors to achieve sustainable development goals and climate targets; and increased technical work to identify how to scale and/or overlay farm- and plantation-level standards and progress in traceability with jurisdictional approaches that engage governments and incentivize land policy reform and/or implementation more broadly.

EFISCEN: European Forest Information scenario Model

The European Forest Information SCENario Model (EFISCEN) is a large-scale forest model that projects forest resource development on regional to national scales. The model is suitable for the contemporary and future projection of forest resource and carbon balance of forest biomass and soils for a period of 50 to 60 years. The model uses national forest inventory data as a main source of input to describe the current structure and composition of forest resources. EFISCEN provides data on basic forest inventory data (species, area, stemwood volume, increment, mortality, age-structure), but the model includes multiple indicators related to important forest ecosystem services (carbon sequestration, biodiversity, recreation, wind and fire risk), enabling the assessment of impacts of different policy and management strategies at the national and European level. EFISCEN has been developed by both Alterra and European Forest Institute.

REDD+ Academy Learning Journals

This comprehensive REDD+ learning resource addresses 12 key topics in REDD+: Forest, Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change; Understanding REDD+ and the UNFCCC; Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation; National Strategies and Action Plans; National Forest Monitoring Systems; Forest Reference Emission Levels; Policies and Measures for REDD+ Implementation; REDD+ Safeguards; REDD+ Finance; Approaches for Allocation of Incentives; Stakeholder Engagement; Good Governance.

Forest Reference Level Submissions under REDD+

EDF, TNC, UCS, and WWF’s report Forest Reference Level Submissions under REDD+: An Analysis of Submission Trends, Leading Practices, and Areas for Improvement examines the first six FRLs to be submitted to the UN – by Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Malaysia and Mexico. It provides an overview of the different approaches these countries have taken to developing their FRLs. It examines some of the shared trends, in order to identify good practices, areas for improvement and lessons learnt. And it examines how effectively they can contribute to delivering real emissions reductions.

Forest monitoring and assessment

FAO's programme dedicated to assisting countries in developing national forest monitoring systems and assessments with the objective of providing reliable forest resource information for national forest policy development, planning and sustainable management.

O nível de referência de emissões florestais do Brasil para pagamentos por resultados de redução de emissões provenientes do desmatamento no bioma Amazônia

O Brasil é responsável por expressivos resultados de redução de emissões de CO 2 provenientes do desmatamento no bioma Amazônia. ™ A formalização das ações nacionais de redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa provenientes do desmatamento e degradação florestal, incluindo o papel da conservação florestal, do manejo sustentável de florestas e do aumento dos estoques de carbono florestal (REDD+) é um requisito para o reconhecimento dos resultados alcançados no âmbito da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima (UNFCCC). ™ O nível de referência de emissões florestais (FREL) é o referencial a partir do qual o resultado das ações de REDD+ é medido. ™ A submissão do FREL por países em desenvolvimento é voluntária, sendo, porém, um dos requisitos de elegibilidade para o recebimento de pagamentos por desempenho. O Brasil foi o primeiro país a submeter um FREL para avaliação de especialistas indicados pela UNFCCC em junho de 2014, dando início à implementação do Marco de Varsóvia para REDD+. O FREL submetido pelo Brasil passou por rigoroso processo de avaliação no âmbito da UNFCCC entre agosto e novembro de 2014. Esse processo facilitativo, contribuiu para dar maior transparência à submissão e identificou também áreas onde o Brasil poderia priorizar seus esforços de desenvolvimento técnico. O Brasil espera que mais países em desenvolvimento submetam seus FRELs e que países desenvolvidos se comprometam com o pagamento por resultados, para garantir a efetiva contribuição de REDD+ para a mitigação da mudança global do clima.

Florestas tropicais, mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas

Os países estão buscando formas efetivas de redução da pressão humana que resulta em emissões de gases de efeito estufa, incluindo ações para controlar o desmatamento. \\r\\nHá convergência entre nações quanto a um objetivo comum: retardar, deter e reverter a perda de cobertura florestal e estoques de \\r\\ncarbono associados, considerando as circunstâncias nacionais.

Decisiones de REDD+ en la CoP19: Alcances en la Estrategia Nacional de Cambio Climático y Recursos Vegetacionales (ENCCRV) de Chile

Sourcebook on Monitoring Biodiversity for REDD+

The Sourcebook published by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) in collaboration with the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH seeks to bring clarity to the challenge of monitoring biodiversity for REDD+ while acknowledging the need to avoid adding further complexity. The Sourcebook emphasises a phased approach to monitoring based on availability of resources, and highlights that monitoring biodiversity as part of REDD+ can help countries to achieve both their biodiversity and climate commitments more cost-effectively. Contributing to the goal of achieving multiple benefits through REDD+, the Sourcebook seeks to answer three key questions: Why monitor biodiversity for REDD+? What to monitor? How to monitor? Drawing on the literature and contributions from a wide range of experts, the Sourcebook provides a simple framework for answering these questions. Summaries of key monitoring methods are presented with best practice guidance and practical case studies drawn from REDD+ and forest projects around the world.

Sourcebook on Monitoring Biodiversity for REDD+

The Sourcebook published by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) in collaboration with the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH seeks to bring clarity to the challenge of monitoring biodiversity for REDD+ while acknowledging the need to avoid adding further complexity. The Sourcebook emphasises a phased approach to monitoring based on availability of resources, and highlights that monitoring biodiversity as part of REDD+ can help countries to achieve both their biodiversity and climate commitments more cost-effectively. Contributing to the goal of achieving multiple benefits through REDD+, the Sourcebook seeks to answer three key questions: Why monitor biodiversity for REDD+? What to monitor? How to monitor? Drawing on the literature and contributions from a wide range of experts, the Sourcebook provides a simple framework for answering these questions. Summaries of key monitoring methods are presented with best practice guidance and practical case studies drawn from REDD+ and forest projects around the world.

Nested governance for effective REDD+: institutional and political arguments

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Forest Enhancement (REDD+) has become a central focus of global climate change mitigation efforts. Even though the international demand for forest-based carbon sequestration is the key driver of REDD+, forest protection strategies must be implemented on the ground. This cross-scale nature of REDD+ explains why scholars and policy makers increasingly favor nested governance arrangements over either fully centralized or fully decentralized REDD+ governance.

An Operational Framework for Defining and Monitoring Forest Degradation

Thompson, I. D., M. R. Guariguata, K. Okabe, C. Bahamondez, R. Nasi, V. Heymell, and C. Sabogal. 2013. An operational framework for defining and monitoring forest degradation. Ecology and Society 18(2): 20.

Submission to the UNFCCC on robust, transparent forest monitoring systems for REDD+

Twenty-five success stories: Illustrating ITTO’s 25-year quest to sustain tropical forests

Twenty-five success stories: Illustrating ITTO’s 25-year quest to sustain tropical forests

Twenty-five success stories: Illustrating ITTO’s 25-year quest to sustain tropical forests

Governing the Forests: An Institutional Analysis of REDD+ and Community Forest Management in Asia

Comments on Elements for a possible draft decision on modalities for national forest monitoring systems and measuring, reporting and verifying

Sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring, measuring and reporting - COP 18 Version 1

This sourcebook is the outcome of an ad-hoc REDD working group of GOFC-GOLD (Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics) that has been active since the initiation of the UNFCCC REDD process in 2005. It provides a consensus perspective from the global community of earth observation and carbon experts on methodological issues relating to quantifying carbon impacts of implementation activities to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation in developing countries (REDD).

Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation – a Synthesis Report for REDD+ Policymakers

Statement from the safeguards working group delivered at SBSTA 37

External Policy Brief: UNFCCC-COP18 - Overall Expectations for REDD+

Working together to get forest measurement right: A solution for REDD+

Rapport de sensibilisation, de consultation des communautés locales du district de Moungoundou-Nord sur le processus de changement climatique, de gestion durable des ecosystèmes forestier et de la lutte contre l'explotation illegeles des fôrets

REDD-plus & Biodiversity e-Newsletter Volume 18

REDD-plus & Biodiversity e-Newsletter Volume 12

REDD-plus & Biodiversity e-Newsletter Volume 11

Readiness Plan for REDD (R-PP draft) by the DRC for the period 2010-2012

Plan de Préparation à la REDD (R-PP draft) 2010-2012 de la RDC

Vietnam: Why REDD+ Needs Local People

TEDxWorldBankGroup

Kenneth Chomitz, Senior Adviser at the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) of the World Bank, spoke about the climate change and its impact on the distruction of tropical rainforest.

An Assessment of National Forest Monitoring Capabilities in Tropical Non-Annex I Countries: Recommendations for Capacity Building

In partnership with the Government of Norway, GOFC-GOLD has carried out a study to understand the needs to monitor REDD in the world's tropical forests. This study examines, in 99 tropical non-Annex I countries, the current monitoring capabilities and the availability of remote sensing data and makes specific recommendations for the near term capacity development activities that would be required to implement an accurate forest area change and carbon monitoring system.

Local Participation in Natural Resource Monitoring – A Characterization of Approaches

No system exists to guide the development and expansion of natural resource monitoring schemes. To help develop such a protocol, the authors present a typology of monitoring categories, defined by their degree of local participation, ranging from no local involvement with monitoring undertaken by professional researchers to an entirely local effort with monitoring undertaken by local people. The strengths and weaknesses of each monitoring category are assessed. Locally based monitoring can lead to rapid decisions to solve the key threats affecting natural resources, can empower local communities to better manage their resources, and can refine sustainable-use strategies to improve local livelihoods.

A Field Guide for Assessing and Monitoring Reduced Forest Degradation and Carbon Sequestration by Local Communities

This document is a field manual, developed by the Kyoto: Think Global, Act Local project (K:TGAL, for more information on this project see the below web link), for the training of local organisations who would in turn train local communities to make formal forest inventories. It is a draft in progress, being updated and improved on a regular basis. Any comments or suggestions would be very welcome. Please send these to: < Verplanke@itc.nl >

Do trees grow on money?: The implications of deforestation research for policies to promote REDD

¿Crecen los árboles sobre el dinero? Implicaciones de la investigación sobre deforestación en las medidas para promover la REDD

木はお金で育つか？ 「森林減少と森林劣化に由来する排出削減(REDD)」 に対する森林減少研究からの示唆

Info Brief: Measuring and monitoring forest degradation for REDD: Implications of country circumstances

Moving ahead with REDD: Issues, options and implications