The Model Project for Utilization of Waste Heat from Incineration of Refuse

Name of organization:

Name of organization (English):

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

Department:

International Cooperation Center

Acronym:

Acronym (English):

NEDO

Function within activity:

(standard classifiers to be developed)

Street:

1-1, 3-chome Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku

Post code:

170-6028

City:

Tokyo

Country:

Japan

Telephone:

81-3-3987-9313

Fax:

81-3-5992-2290

E-mail:

WWW-URL:

http://www.nedo.go.jp

Contact person (for this activity):

-------------------------------------

Surname:

Kigasawa

First name, middle name:

Takaji

Job title:

Director

Direct tel:

81-3-3987-9466

Direct fax:

81-3-3987-5103

Direct E-mail:

kigasawatkj@nedo.go.jp

Name of organization:

Name of organization (English):

Ebara Corporation

Department:

Environmental Plant Division

Acronym:

Acronym (English):

EBARA

Function within activity:

(standard classifiers to be developed)

Street:

1-6-27, Kohnan, Minato-ku

Post code:

108-8480

City:

Tokyo

Country:

Japan

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

WWW-URL:

Contact person (for this activity):

-------------------------------------

Surname:

Konuma

First name, middle name:

Hozumi

Job title:

Deputy General Manger

Direct tel:

81-3-5461-6201

Direct fax:

81-3-5461-6082

Direct E-mail:

konuma@shi.ebara.co.jp

Name of organization:

Name of organization (English):

The Ministry of Science and Technology, People’s Republic of China

Department:

Department of Social Development

Acronym:

Acronym (English):

MOST

Function within activity:

Street:

15B Fuxing Road

Post code:

100862

City:

Beijing

Country:

The People’s Republic of China

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

WWW-URL:

Contact person (for this activity):

-------------------------------------

Surname:

Lu

First name, middle name:

Xuedu

Job title:

Direct tel:

86 10 68514054

Direct fax:

86 10 68512163

Direct E-mail:

lvxd@cs.sstc.gov.cn

Name of organization:

Name of organization (English):

The State Development Planning Commission

People’s Republic of China

Department:

Department of Raw and Processed Materials Industries and Resources Utilization

Acronym:

Acronym (English):

SDPC

Function within activity:

(standard classifiers to be developed)

Street:

38S Yuetan Street,

Post code:

100824

City:

Beijing

Country:

The People’s Republic of China

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

WWW-URL:

Contact person (for this activity):

-------------------------------------

Surname:

First name, middle name:

Job title:

Direct tel:

Direct fax:

Direct E-mail:

Item

Name of organization:

Name of organization (English):

Planning Committee of Hei Long Jiang Province, People’s Republic of China

Department:

Acronym:

Acronym (English):

PCHLJ

Function within activity:

(standard classifiers to be developed)

Street:

202 Zongshan Road

Post code:

150001

City:

Harbin

Country:

The People’s Republic of China

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

WWW-URL:

Contact person (for this activity):

-------------------------------------

Surname:

Zhang

First name, middle name:

Jian Ping

Job title:

Direct tel:

86-451-2631676

Direct fax:

86-451-2628547

Direct E-mail:

Item

Name of organization:

Name of organization (English):

The Garbage Incineration Plant of Harbin City

Department:

Acronym:

Acronym (English):

GIPHC

Function within activity:

(standard classifiers to be developed)

Street:

Post code:

150038

City:

Harbin

Country:

The People’s Republic of China

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

WWW-URL:

Contact person (for this activity):

-------------------------------------

Surname:

Lu

First name, middle name:

Ze Min

Job title:

Vice Bureau Chief

Direct tel:

86-451-3645902

Direct fax:

Direct E-mail:

Item

Name of organization:

Name of organization (English):

Planning Committee Harbin Municipal People’s Government

Department:

Acronym:

Acronym (English):

PCH

Function within activity:

(standard classifiers to be developed)

Street:

Daoli District

Post code:

150010

City:

Harbin

Country:

The People’s Republic of China

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

WWW-URL:

Contact person (for this activity):

-------------------------------------

Surname:

Tian

First name, middle name:

Ru

Job title:

Director

Direct tel:

86-461-4411-562

Direct fax:

Direct E-mail:

Item

Name of organization:

Name of organization (English):

Tsinghua University

Department:

Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology / Institute for Techno-Economics & Energy Systems Analysis

Acronym:

Acronym (English):

INET/ITEESA

Function within activity:

(standard classifiers to be developed)

Street:

Tsinghua Yuan Street, Haidian District

Post code:

100084

City:

Beijing

Country:

The People’s Republic of China

Telephone:

86-10-62783655 or 86-10-6277-0322

Fax:

86-10-6277-1150

E-mail:

Liuds@tsinghua.edu.cn

WWW-URL:

http://www.inet.tsinghua.edu.cn

Contact person (for this activity):

-------------------------------------

Surname:

Liu

First name, middle name:

Deshun

Job title:

Professor

Direct tel:

86-10-6278-3655

Direct fax:

86-10-6277-1150

Direct E-mail:

Liuds@tsinghua.edu.cn

General description :

The objective of the Project is to contribute to the utilization of unused energy and consequently the protection of the environment in P.R.China by installing a municipal waste incinerating facility and a heat recovery facility to the Garbage Incineration Plant of Harbin City and disseminating the technology in P.R.China.

Type of project :

Waste disposal

Location (exact, e.g. city, region,

State):

The Garbage Incineration Plant of Harbin City, Xiangfang, Harbin, 150038, The People’s Republic of China

Activity starting date:

September, 1998

Expected activity ending date:

March,2002

Stage of activity:

Mutually agreed

Lifetime of activity if different from ending date:

20 years

Technical data:

Annual amount of municipal waste (the waste expected to be incinerated after completion of the project); 57,646 t/a

1. Baseline

• CH₄ emission from the municipal waste landfill : 2,164.5 t-CH₄/a
• CO₂ emission : 95,642.8 t-CO₂/a

1. Project Case

• CH₄ emission from the municipal waste landfill=0
• CO₂ emission : 92,184.9 t-CO₂/a

( 78,201t-CO₂/a by IPCC Guideline Approach )

Cost of the project in US1000$

Cost of AIJ component in US1000$

9,674

6,894

16,568

US$ per avoided ton of CO₂ equivalent (T- CO₂)

40.04

(Including running cost)

Basic Agreement concerning the execution of this project was concluded between NEDO and SDPC and PCHLJ on September 3, 1998.

NEDO concluded with EBARA to trust to execute Japanese scope of this project in December 4, 1998.

EBARA and PCH concluded the Execution Document which described the concrete specification of this project in March 12, 1999 and started the design and engineering of the project.

MOST and NEDO concluded the "Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Model Project for Utilization of Waste Heat from Incineration of Refuse as a AIJ Project under the Pilot Phase" on September 25, 1998 and the Chinese government confirmed NEDO to implement this project as AIJ under pilot phase. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan (MITI) approved NEDO to implement this project as Activity Implemented Jointly - Japan Program on June 17, 1998.The Japanese government confirmed the project on June 23,1999.

The Ministry of Science and Technology, People’s Republic of China (MOST) confirmed this project as Activity Implemented Jointly (AIJ) under pilot phase on July 9,1999.

As energy supply and demand issues and protection of the global environment have become the focus of worldwide interest, NEDO is promoting energy conservation model projects in Asian countries including China to contribute to the effective use of energy and improvement of environmental pollution.

In China, as strong national policy for energy conservation and environmental protection, relating laws have come into effect.

As a joint project between Japan and China, this project will contribute to reductions in local and regional pollutants such as SOx, NOx and dust as well as greenhouse gas mitigation such as CH_4, CO₂.

The economic benefits of the project include reduction in energy consumption in textile factory .

Describe environmental benefits in detail:

Emissions of SOx, NOx, soot and smoke are reduced by the reduction of fuel consumption in the existing factory.

Amount of CH₄ generated from the landfill of municipal waste is reduced.

Do quantitative data exist for evaluation of environmental benefits?

No

Describe social/cultural benefits in detail:

Technical transferring effect to the counterpart country is expected.

Do quantitative data exist for evaluation of social benefits?

No.

Describe economic benefits in detail:

Cost reduction caused by the reduction of fuel consumption is expected.

Do quantitative data exist for evaluation of economic benefits?

No.

Description of the baseline or reference scenario, including methodologies applied:

(Baseline)

In Harbin city, the municipal waste is not incinerated, but landfilled. At the existing textile factory, they get steam for power generation, for processing and for the heating by the existing boilers, which are fueled by coal. The landfilling causes huge amount of methane(CH₄) emission from the site, and combusting coal at the factory generates carbon dioxide(CO₂).

The AIJ project in Harbin city aims to build the Garbage Incineration Plant of Harbin City, to recover the heat from incineration and to supply the heat to the existing plant. In this way, CH₄ emission from the landfill site should decrease and also CO₂ emission should be reduced by reducing consumption of coal at the existing plant.

We shall define our baseline as below.

Present condition: The municipal waste to be combusted by the Harbin city project is now landfilled and so generating CH₄.

2. Present condition: At the textile factory in Harbin city, combusting coals for generating steam causes CO₂ emission.

(Calculation)

1 . The amount of CH₄ emission from the municipal waste landfill( E_CH4 )

E_CH4 = G × f1 × f2 × f3 × f4 × 16/12 = 2,164.5 t-CH₄/a

G : Annual amount of municipal waste (the waste expected to be incinerated after

executing the project); 57,646 t-waste/a

f1 : ratio on treating waste by land-filling ; 1.0

f2 : the content of organic carbon in waste ; 0.1788

f3 : ratio on gasification of organic carbon in landfill ;0.63

f4 : fraction of C as CH₄ to C as biogas ; 0.25

2 . CO₂ emission from the existing boilers (E_CO2 )

Eco₂ = W₁ × C₁ × Bf₁ × 44/12 = 95,642.8 t-CO₂/a

W₁: coal consumption by the existing boilers (average consumption of the local coal for the latest three years ) W₁=(69,000 t/a + 61,000 t/a + 58,000 t/a) / 3 = 62,666.7 t/a C₁ : the carbon content of the local coal (Hegang coal) ; 48.4 % Bf₁: the burning efficiency of the existing boiler ; 86 %

(Results)

By the calculation above, CH₄ and CO₂ emissions at baseline are:

( 1 ) CH₄ emission

E_CH4 = 2,164.5 t-CH₄/a

( 2 ) CO₂ emission

Eco₂ = 95,642.8 t-CO₂/a

(Concept)

Although IPCC Guideline suggests that CO₂ emission caused by incinerating waste derived from biomass raw material should not be considered as net anthropogenic CO₂ emission, both Japanese participants and Chinese participants agreed to take note on the view that some part of decomposed carbon from municipal waste derived from biomass raw material will not degrade to form CO₂ but stay as carbon in the municipal waste landfill, therefore, when the municipal waste is incinerated, net CO₂ emission will occur.

Therefore, both parties agreed to calculate in two ways, one according to IPCC Guideline, the other taking non-degrade carbon into account.

Since the difference between two methods exists in the calculation of CO₂ emission generated by incinerating waste derived from biomass raw material, calculation according to IPCC Guideline is given first as follows:

In the calculation below, we consider only municipal waste which will be incinerated after completion of the Harbin project. The rest of the municipal waste will be landfilled as it has been landfilled in the baseline case, and will give the same amount of GHG emissions for the baseline case and the project case.

PROJECT CASE:

CH₄ emission from landfill becomes zero because the municipal waste is incinerated.

Further, existing boilers which has been supplied heat energy for the textile factory require less coal because some part of the heat requirement for the factory is covered by heat recovered from incineration plant.

On the other hand, the incineration plant of Harbin project requires electricity, accordingly net CO₂ emission occurs.

Furthermore, coal, an auxiliary fuel for the incineration plant, is burnt when the calorific value of the waste is not enough, and net CO₂ emission occurs.

When incinerating the waste which have anthropogenic origins, such as plastics and chemical fabrics, net CO₂ emission occurs.

(Calculation)

1 . The amount of CH₄ emission from the municipal waste landfill (E_CH4 )

E_CH4’= t- CH₄/a

2 . CO₂ emission from the existing coal fired boilers (E ₁')

E₁’ = W₁’ × C1 × Bf1 × 44/12 = 63,497.6 t-CO₂/a

W₁’ : coal consumption by the existing boilers after executing the project

W1’= W₁ - H₁x10³ /Q₁ = 62,666.7- 72.98 x 10³/3.465 = 41,604.7 t/a

H₁ : heat quantity of generated steam from the municipal waste incineration plant ;72.98 Tcal/a

Q₁ : heat quantity of steam generated from combusting 1t of coal in the existing boilers

Q1 = Q2 × h /100 = 3.465 Gcal-steam/t

Q2 : calorific value of the local coal; 4.62 Gcal/t

h : efficiency of the existing boilers: 75 %

C₁: the carbon content of the local coal (Hegang coal) ; 48.4 %

Bf₁: the burning efficiency of the existing boiler ; 86 %

3 . Amount of CO₂ emitted for generating additional electric power necessary for operation of the municipal waste incineration plant ( E₂’ )

E₂’ = Elec × 24 h/d × D × Q3 = 5,220 t-CO₂/a

Elec : electric power consumption of the municipal waste incineration plant ; 623 kwh/h

D : annual working days of the municipal waste incineration plant ; 320 d/a

Q₃ : CO₂ emission by generating 1kwh electric power at the power plant

Providing electric power to the municipal waste incineration plant

Q₃ = W₂ × Ccoal × 44/12 = 1.091 × 10^-3 t-CO₂/kwh

W₂ : coal consumption for generating 1kwh; 410 gce/kwh

Ccoal :carbon emission factor per ton of coal equivalent = 0.726 t-C/tce

4 . CO₂ emission by incinerating municipal waste of anthropogenic sources (plastics and chemical fabrics) at the incineration plant ( E₃’ )

E₃’ = Cplf × 44/12 = 5,027 t-CO₂/a

Cplf : annual amount of carbon in plastics and chemical fabrics which are included in municipal waste to be combusted

Cplf=Cplf₁ + Cplf₂ + Cplf₃ + Cplf₄ = 1,371 t-C/a

(1) For the first period

Cplf₁ = amount of carbon in plastics and chemical fabrics which are included in municipal waste for the first period (from Jan. to Mar).

Cplf₁ = G₁ × D₁ × (1 - w ₁/100) × PFc₁ /100 x 285.6 t-C

G₁: daily amount of municipal waste incineration for the first period ; 150t-wet/d

D₁: working days of the municipal waste incineration for the first period ; 75 days

w ₁: water content in municipal waste for the first period; 33.89 %

PFc₁:carbon content in plastics and chemical fabrics which are included in municipal waste for the first period ; 3.84 %-dry-waste

(2) For the second period

Cplf₂ : amount of carbon in plastics and chemical fabrics which are included in municipal waste for the second period (from Apr. to Jun.)

Cplf₂ = G₂ × D₂ × (1 - w ₂/100) × PFc₂ /100 = 468.9 t-C

G₂ : daily amount of municipal waste incineration for the second period; 200t-wet/d

D₂:working days of the municipal waste incineration plant for the second period ; 91 days

w ₂ : water content in municipal waste for the second period ; 56.26 %

PFc₂ : carbon content in plastics and chemical fabrics which are included in municipal waste for the second period ; 5.89 %-dry-waste

(3) For the third period

Cplf₃: amount of carbon in plastics and chemical fabrics which are included in municipal waste for the third period (from Jul. to Sep.)

Cplf ₃: G₃ × D₃ × (1 - w ₃/100) × PFc₃ /100 = 78.8 t-C G₃ : daily amount of municipal waste incineration for the third period ; 158t-wet/d D₃ : working days of the municipal waste incineration plant for the third period ; 62 days

w ₃ : water content in municipal waste for the third period ; 70.96 % PFc₃ : carbon content in plastics and chemical fabrics which are included in municipal waste for the third period ; 2.77 % -dry-waste For the fourth period

Cplf₄ : amount of carbon in plastics and chemical fabrics which are included in municipal waste for the fourth period (from Oct. to Dec.)

Cplf₄: G₄ × D₄ × (1 - w ₄/100) × PFc₄ /100 = 537.7 t-C

G₄ = daily amount of municipal waste incineration for the fourth period ; 200 t-wet/d D₄ : working days of the municipal waste incineration plant for the fourth period ; 92 days w ₄ : water content in municipal waste for the fourth period ; 54.83 % PFc₄ : carbon content in plastics and chemical fabrics which are included in municipal waste for the fourth period ; 6.47 % -dry-waste

5 . CO₂ emission by combusting coal as auxiliary fuel at the municipal waste incineration plant (E₄’)

E₄’ : W₁ × ý₁ × Bf₂ × 44/12 = 4,457.0 t-CO₂/a

W₃ : coal consumption as auxiliary fuel at the municipal waste incineration plant

W₃= Q₄ x 10³ / Q₂ = 2,536.8 t/a

Q₄: heat quantity required as auxiliary fuel ; 11.72 Tcal/a

Q₂ : calorific value of the local coal ; 4.62 Gcal/t

C₁ : the carbon content of the local coal (Hegang coal) ;48.4 %

Bf₂ : the burning efficiency of the incineration boiler ; 99 %

Calculations above are based on the IPCC Guideline in which CO₂ emission generated by incinerating waste derived from biomass raw material should not be considered as net anthropogenic CO₂ emission. As written on the first part of this section, Japanese participants and Chinese participants agreed to calculate CO₂ emission generated by incinerating waste derived from biomass raw material, taking non-degrade carbon into account as shown below:

6. CO₂ emission by combusting the organic carbon which is not degraded in the municipal waste landfilled (E₅’)

   E₅’ = G × f1 × f2 × (1-f3) × 44/12 = 13,983.3 t-CO₂/a

   (0) ..for IPCC Guideline approach

   G : Annual amount of municipal waste (the waste expected to be incinerated after completion the project); 57,646 t-waste/a

   f1 : ratio on treating waste by land-filling ; 1.0

• f2 : the content of organic carbon in waste ; 0.1788

  f3 : ratio on gasification of organic carbon in landfill ; 0.63

7 . CH₄ and CO₂ emissions after completion of the project

(1) CH₄ emission(E_CH4’)

( E_CH4’) = t-CH₄/a

(2) CO₂ emission (Eco₂’)

Eco₂’=E₁’ + E₂’ + E₃’ + E₄’ + E₅’ = 92,184.9 t-CO₂/a

(78,201.6)

8 . Reduced amount of CH₄ and CO₂ emissions derived by subtracting the amount after executing the project from the baseline amount

(1) Reduced amount of CH₄ (R_CH4)

R_{CH4 +} E_CH4 - E_CH4’ + 2,164.5 - 0 = 2,164.5 t-CH₄/a

(2) Reduced amount of CO₂ (Rco₂)

Rco₂ = Eco₂ - Eco₂’ = 95,642.8 - 92,184.9 - 3,457.9 t-CO₂/a

(78,201.6) (17,441.2)

(Results)

Total reduced amount of CO₂ emission

in which : Reduced amount of CH₄ emission

Reduced amount of CO₂ emission

: 48,912.4 ton of CO₂ equivalent

annually (62,895.7)

: 2,164.5 ton of CH₄ annually

: 3,457.9 ton of CO₂ annually

(17,441.2)

A) Project baseline scenario

2.16

2.16

2.16

2.16

2.16

2.16

B) Project activity scenario

(78.20)

0.54

0

0

C) Effect ( B-A )

3.46

1.62

2.16

2.16

D) Cumulative effect

1.62

3.78

18.9

(For each source one line)

(US dollars)

Subsidy for improving international energy use (Japanese national budget which is undertaken by MITI )

(n/a for the budget on and after 1999)

Own Capital (prepared by Chinese side)

Transfer of Municipal Waste Incineration Technology

The municipal waste incineration plant consists of fluidized bed type incinerator, waste heat boiler, combustion gas treatment facility and so on. Steam is recovered from waste heat generated in incinerating municipal waste.

The project demonstrates that recovered steam can replace steam generated from combustion of coal.

Capacity Building

Since the Project is a Model Project, dissemination activity of the technology through demonstration operation is planned in the final stage of overall project schedule. A lager effect of energy conservation and environmental improvement would be expected through dissemination of the technology in the future

Since the municipal waste incineration technology had been widely disseminated in Japan and enough practical and commercial experience has been already compiled, the technology is highly reliable. By this reason, technical difficulty does not exist.

Describe environmental negative impacts/effects in detail :

No environmental negative impacts/effects are expected so far.

Do quantitative data exist for evaluation of environmental negative impacts/effects?

No.

Describe social/cultural negative impacts/effects in detail :

No social/cultural negative impacts/effects are expected so far.

Do quantitative data exist for evaluation of social negative impacts/effects?

No, so far.

Describe economic negative impacts/effects in detail :

No economic negative impacts/effects are expected so far.

Do quantitative data exist for evaluation of economic negative impacts/effects?

No, so far.

Case I

Case II

Discount rate

8.000

8.000

The capital investment for the municipal waste incineration plant

10⁴ US$

1656.771

1656.771

The return investment per year(A)

10⁴ US$

168.746

168.746

Operating cost per year (B)

10⁴ US$

78.044

78.044

Total cost (A+B)

10⁴ US$

246.790

246.790

Cost of coal reduced by the existing boiler (C)

10⁴ US$

50.936

50.936

Net incremental cost (A+B-C)

10⁴ US$

195.854

195.854

Amount of municipal waste incinerated per year

10⁴ ton

5.765

5.765

CO₂ emission reduced per year

10⁴ ton

4.891

6.289

Cost of reduced CO₂ emission per ton

US$/ton

40.043

31.142