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ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY (AIJ) Annex I UNIFORM REPORTING FORMAT: ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY UNDER THE PILOT PHASE A) Description of project 1) Title of project: ILUMEX High Efficiency Lighting Project 2) Participants/actors Please fill in one table for each participant/actor. For individuals fill in as from item "Function within activity".
(a) Organization includes: institutions, ministries, companies, non-governmental organizations, etc., involved in the activity, i.e. research institutes associated with the project, auditors, government agency closely following the activity.
(a) Organization includes: institutions, ministries, companies, non-governmental organizations, etc., involved in the activity, i.e. research institutes associated with the project, auditors, government agency closely following the activity.
(a) Organization includes: institutions, ministries, companies, non-governmental organizations, etc., involved in the activity, i.e. research institutes associated with the project, auditors, government agency closely following the activity.
(a) Organization includes: institutions, ministries, companies, non-governmental organizations, etc., involved in the activity, i.e. research institutes associated with the project, auditors, government agency closely following the activity.
(a) Organization includes: institutions, ministries, companies, non-governmental organizations, etc., involved in the activity, i.e. research institutes associated with the project, auditors, government agency closely following the activity.
(a) Organization includes: institutions, ministries, companies, non-governmental organizations, etc., involved in the activity, i.e. research institutes associated with the project, auditors, government agency closely following the activity.
(a) Organization includes: institutions, ministries, companies, non-governmental organizations, etc., involved in the activity, i.e. research institutes associated with the project, auditors, government agency closely following the activity. 3) Activity:
a) For example, using intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) classification: energy efficiency, renewable energy, fuel switching, forest preservation, restoration or reforestation, afforestation, fugitive gas capture, industrial processes, solvents, agriculture, waste disposal or bunker fuels. b) Circle the appropriate option c) Methodological work will be required to define lifetime of activities d) Methodological work will be required to determine for each type of activity what the minimum data requirements are. GENERAL PROJECT DESCRIPTION (ILUMEX) Background: At the time of the project appraisal in 1992, demand for electricity in Mexico was expected to grow by more than 5% per year. Such growth would result in the need to add 14,000 MW of capacity over the following 10 years, with investments of $3 billion per year. Mexico's installed generating capacity is 80% thermal and emits an estimated 57 million tons of carbon dioxide per year as well as emissions of other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. The average price for electricity in Mexico is below long run marginal costs. Significant cross subsidies exist among residential consumers with medium to large consumers subsidizing smaller users. The Federal Electricity Commission of Mexico (CFE) is committed to eliminating these subsidies and had, at the time of the project appraisal, the aim of raising the average price to equal long run marginal costs by 1997. Project Description: The AIJ component of the project will replace approximately 200,000 ordinary, incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) in the Mexican cities of Monterrey and Guadalajara. This represents approximately 11.8% of the project total of 1.7 million replaced bulbs. These CFLs require 25% of the energy of ordinary light bulbs to produce similar or better quality lighting, resulting in less electricity generation and fewer fossil fuel emissions. They last up to 10,000 hours, or thirteen times longer than ordinary bulbs. The AIJ component of the project is funded with $3 million USD from the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs of the Government of Norway. Non-AIJ related financing of the project includes a grant of $10 million USD from the GEF, and an additional $10 million USD is contributed by the CFE for total project funding of $23 million. Norway's contribution will pay for 200,000 CFLs, or approximately 12% of the project emissions benefits. Funding will be placed in trust funds set up with the Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Publicos (BANOBRAS), with money to be used exclusively for the project. The CFE, through its implementing units in the two cities, is administering the project by purchasing the CFLs and selling them at 37% of cost (including project overhead and administration) to their customers at existing customer service centers and at large companies. If necessary, other methods, such as door to door sales, will be used. Customers may buy the bulbs on credit terms of up to 2 years. Customer payments for the bulbs will be returned to the trust fund set up at BANOBRAS and used to subsidize additional light bulb sales. It is anticipated that, in addition to the 1.7 million bulbs within the initial project scope, several hundred thousand additional bulbs will be purchased by CFE and sold to customers as a result. The project is on schedule in terms of number of bulbs sold. As of the end of 1996, 1.13 million bulbs, or 66% of the total goal of 1.7 million had been sold. 4.) Costs (to the extent possible):
Describe briefly how costs are determined: The CFE produces detailed cost reports categorized by equipment, services, administration, technical/coordination for both the central and local offices, and acquisition of CFLs. Approximately 75% of the AIJ and total project budget are used for purchase of the bulbs. The other cost categories cover the marketing, sales, administration, monitoring and evaluation efforts. Several approaches were used to evaluate the cost per ton of CO2 emissions avoided. Since most of the money was disbursed in 1994-95, no discount factors are applied. Likewise, no discount factors are applied to the quantity of carbon emissions avoided. The cost per ton of CO2 equivalent is estimated for the project lifetime rather than on an annual basis. The total number of estimated tons of carbon dioxide equivalent reductions, from both CO2 and methane, over the lifetime of the project is 727,130. The amount attributed to the AIJ component is 11.8%, or 85,801 tons of CO2 equivalent. Costs attributable to avoided emissions can be defined in various ways, such as: (1) Total project costs of $23 million; or $31.63/metric ton of CO2.equivalent. (2) The money contributed by Norway and the GEF, $13 million, or $17.88/ton of CO2 equivalent. CFE's motive in making a $10 million contribution to the project was primarily to delay building new generating capacity and to avoid generation of electricity that it sells at a loss, so that portion of expenses should not be attributed to the cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Financial benefits, based on an average use of four hours per day for six years for 1.7 million CFLs, are estimated as: (1) Avoided costs of energy generation of $44.4 million; -$61.06/ton of CO2 equivalent. (2) Avoided net loss (for CFE) of not selling subsidized electricity of $15.88 million; -$21.84/ton of CO2 equivalent. (3) Net benefits to consumers of $16.78 million (avoided cost of electricity to consumers of $26.85 million minus net costs to consumers of acquiring the CFLs); -$23.08/ton of CO2 equivalent. If the value of the avoided electricity generation is considered, the cost per ton of CO2 equivalent becomes negative, regardless of which measure of costs of is used (that is,. (1) and (2) above). Likewise, the value of the avoided net loss to CFE of not selling subsidized electricity as well as the net financial benefit of avoided electricity consumption to consumers are both greater than the combined contribution of Norway and the GEF to the project. See Appendix C for more detailed estimates of the project's financial benefits. 5) Mutually agreed assessment procedures:
a) Please ensure that detailed contact information for all organizations mentioned is reported under section A.2 above. B) Governmental acceptance, approval or endorsement Bearing in mind that all activities implemented jointly under this pilot phase require prior acceptance, approval or endorsement by the Government of the Parties participating in these activities which shall be shown by: In the case of joint reporting: the report is submitted by the designated authority of one participating Party with the concurrence of all other participating Parties as evidenced by attached letters issued by the relevant national authorities; In the case of separate reporting: the reports are submitted separately by the designated national authority of each and every participating Party. Information will only be compiled once reports have been submitted by all participating Parties. 1) For the activity: First report and joint reporting: please add copies of letters of endorsement by each designated national authority of Parties involved in the activity: The letter of endorsement will be sent accordingly. 2) This report is a joint report: This project is a joint report. The project was endorsed by the Mexican Ministry of Finance and Public Credit and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in an agreement signed on September 30, 1993. This report has been endorsed by the Mexican focal point for AIJ, the UCCI (Unit for International Cooperation and Conventions) within INE-SEMARNAP, and by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ( Letters of endorsement are attached.) 3) General short comment by the government(s) if applicable: The items of the report describing the project, its implementation and its effects, have been completed by the Government of Mexico. The investor specific items have been completed by the Government of Norway. The World Bank, as the implementing agency, has provided assistance and advice in the preparation of the joint report. C. Compatibility with and supportiveness of national economic development and socio-economic and environment priorities and strategies
D) Benefits derived from the activities implemented jointly project Whenever possible quantitative information should be provided. Failing that, a qualitative description should be given. If quantitative information becomes available, it could be submitted using the update(s) (if the amount of quantitative information is too large, the source could be indicated).
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
The project's greenhouse gas emissions benefits are anticipated to last more than ten years based on the 33
month phase-in period for the sale of the 1.7 million CFLs and the conservatively estimated lifetime of eight years
for a CFL in use for three hours per day. Although the expected life of a CFL is 10,000 hours, the project assumes
a life of only 8,760 hours, or eight years at three hours per day. Estimated carbon dioxide (and other pollutant) emissions reductions of the project are based on a the fuel mix used at the generation facilities serving Monterrey and Guadalajara during 1995 and 1996. The estimated reduction in electricity demand resulting from the use of CFLs, was based on the average difference in watts between the CFLs and ordinary bulbs, the number of CFLs in use as a result of the project, and an average use of three hours per days. Emissions benefits attributed to the AIJ component (11.8% of the total project) over the lifetime of the project are 85,748 metric tons carbon dioxide; 2.19 metric tons of methane (54 tons CO2 equivalent); 1,296 metric tons of sulfur oxides (SOx); 234 metric tons of nitrogen oxides (NOx); 663 metric tons of particulates; 88 metric tons of hydrocarbons (HC); and 22 metric tons of carbon monoxide (CO). Total project emissions benefits over the lifetime of the CFLs sold are estimated as: 726,675 metric tons carbon dioxide; 18.57 metric tons of methane (455 tons CO2 equivalent).; 10,986 metric tons of sulfur oxides (SOx); 1,982 metric tons of nitrogen oxides (NOx); 5,363 metric tons of particulates; 746 metric tons of hydrocarbons (HC); and 188 metric tons of carbon monoxide. Reductions of nitrogen oxide emissions, which have a greenhouse gas effect, have not been quantified as carbon equivalents. Reductions in the non-greenhouse gas pollutants will result in better air quality and benefits for human health, crops, vegetation and buildings. Water will be conserved as a result of the generation avoided, which is especially important in Monterrey where water resources are more limited. DESCRIPTION OF SOCIAL/CULTURAL BENEFITS The project should have an impact on raising the awareness of the general public regarding energy conservation. It is expected that the energy and electricity cost savings enjoyed by those enrolled in the project will encourage non-participants to buy CFLs. DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC BENEFITS The project will provide economic benefits to participants who will enjoy comparable or higher quality lighting at reduced costs. Economic benefits will also accrue to society at large and to CFE through postponement of 100 MW new capacity and fuel use savings. An estimated total 940 gigawatt hours (Gwh) of electricity generation, sold by CFE at a loss, will be avoided. The avoided cost of this electricity has been estimated by CFE at $44,400,000 (1993$). CFE estimated the price paid by customers for this electricity would be $26,850,000 over the same time period. (See Section A.4 and Appendix C) E) Calculation of the contribution of activities implemented jointly projects that bring about real, measurable and long-term environmental benefits related to the mitigation of climate change that would not have occurred in the absence of such activities 1) Estimated emissions without the activity (project baseline): Description of the baseline or reference scenario, including methodologies applied: The baseline assumption for the project is the continued use of ordinary light bulbs by project participants. It is assumed that, over the lifetime of project benefits, the CFE would not initiate the ILUMEX project without the grant money and that ordinary light bulbs would not be replaced with CFLs by the project participants. These assumptions are reasonable given today's economic climate in Mexico and the high cost of the bulbs. The baseline condition is the use of 1.7 million ordinary (incandescent) light bulbs, instead of CFLs. The number of kwh required by the baseline condition is calculated based on the characteristics of the incandescent bulbs that the CFLs replace (e.g. average number of watts), an average of three hours of use per day, thirty days per month and the 8,760 hour life time conservatively estimated in the project feasibility study for the CFLs. Data on the type of bulbs replaced is collected from participants. The average number of hours of use per day is currently estimated at three hours, based on the preliminary results of metering studies of the CFLs in participants' homes. It is assumed that the CFLs and ordinary bulbs would be used for the same number of hours per day. project benefits are counted for the lifetime of the CFLs. Distribution and transmission losses for generated electricity on the CFE system of 18% are taken into account in the estimation of kwh used. The estimation of emissions per kwh is based on the fuel mix actually used at the Manzanillo plant which serves Guadalajara (fuel oil and diesel) and the Monterrey plant (fuel oil and natural gas) in 1995 and 1996; the heat rate, or efficiency, of the plants; and the standard emissions factors by fuel type. In 1997, the current methodology for estimating emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases will be assessed by an outside consultant and possibly revised. 2) Estimated emissions with the activity: Description of the scenario, including methodologies applied: The emissions with the project are estimated as those resulting from the use of the 1.7 million CFLs. This is done in a manner similar to that for the estimation of emissions for the baseline scenario. The number of kwh used by the CFLs is calculated based on the technical characteristics of the bulbs (e.g. average number of watts per bulb) sold, an average of three hours of use per day and thirty days per month and the 8,760 hour life time conservatively estimated in the project feasibility study for the CFLs. Distribution and transmission losses of 18% for electricity generated on the CFE system are taken into account in the estimation of kwh used. The average number of hours of use per day is currently estimated at three hours, based on the preliminary results of metering studies of the CFLs in participants' homes. The estimation of emissions per kwh is based on the fuel mix actually used at the Manzanillo plant which serves Guadalajara and the Monterrey plant in 1995 and 1996, the heat rate of the plants and the standard emissions factors by fuel type. In 1997, the current methodology for estimating emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases will be assessed by an outside consultant and possibly revised. Metering: During 1996, data on time and amount of use has been gathered by metering light bulbs in the homes of randomly selected samples of participants in each of the two cities for a period of up to two weeks for each sample. During 1997 metering of additional households will be carried out. Results and sampling methodologies used will be verified by outside consultants to provide revised estimates of hours and time of use. The completion and verification of the metering studies by an outside consultant may be used to re-estimate the average hours of use per day of the CFLs. Snapback effect: In the long run, project participants who face a lower cost of electricity service may, as a consequence, burn the bulbs longer. This "snapback" effect could result in an overestimation of project benefits. In the methodology used to estimate project benefits, this effect is not taken into account. There are two reasons why this effect might be nominal or non-existent, especially in the early part of the project. Residential electricity rates are increasing by an average of 1.2% per month. This will partially offset the reduced cost of electricity service associated with the new bulbs. For those who buy the bulbs on credit (the majority of the participants on terms ranging from 6 to 24 months), the payments for the bulbs will often be greater than the electricity cost savings. CO2 equivalent: To determine the number of tons of CO2 equivalent, emissions of methane were converted using global warming potential factor of 24.5 taken from the 1996 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Leakage: No additional emissions, outside the project boundaries, are expected to occur as a result of the project. To the extent that the project will encourage or influence the purchase or use of CFLs by non- project participants, it may be responsible for additional emissions benefits. Surveys on the monthly sales and prices of CFLs, conducted before and after the project light bulb sales, will attempt to determine if the project is responsible for CFL sales additional to those made to project participants. In any case, no additional emissions benefits would be attributed to the project as a result of these indirect emissions reductions. The CFE will use money received from the sale of light bulbs to expand the program of subsidized CFL sales to other customers. However, none of these emissions benefits will be claimed for the project. Other Monitoring : Monitoring will be the responsibility of the Implementing Units with supervision from the Project Coordination at CFE. A baseline sales survey prior to the project's initiation and another sales survey at the end of the project will be used to determine if the project has influenced the sales of CFLs to non-project participants. A final project evaluation will occur six months after the project completion (that is the last sales of bulbs), which is expected in September, 1997, to survey participant satisfaction and determine if any CFLs have failed or been replaced. Assumptions Used in Calculating Emissions Reductions: See Appendix B for assumptions used in the emissions reductions estimates. Fill in the following tables as applicable: Summary Table: AIJ COMPONENT BASELINE AND ESTIMATED GHG REDUCTIONS
Summary table: TOTAL PROJECT BASELINE AND ESTIMATED GHG REDUCTIONS
Summary Table: ACTUAL EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS FROM THE AIJ COMPONENT
Summary Table: TOTAL PROJECT ACTUAL EMISSION REDUCTIONS:
F) Bearing in mind that the financing activities of activities implemented jointly shall be additional to the financial obligations of Parties included in Annex II to the Convention within the framework of the financial mechanism as well as to current official development assistance flows, please indicate
The Norwegian cofinancing was provided in addition to the Norwegian contribution to the GEF in 1993. The availability of extra Norwegian cofinancing served to expand the project scope beyond what would have been undertaken in the absence of this funding. Specifically, the Norwegian resources resulted in an increase in the number of bulb replacements by approximately 200,000 bulbs. The purpose of the Norwegian grant is to facilitate a demonstration project and the Norwegian government is not seeking emissions credits from its investment in this project. G) Contribution to capacity building, transfer of environmentally sound technologies and know-how to other Parties, particularly developing country Parties, to enable them to implement the provisions of the Convention. In this process, the developed country Parties shall support the development and enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies of developing country Parties. Describe briefly the transfer of environmentally sound technology and know-how including where appropriate the type of technology, terms, education, capacity building etc. The project will enhance the capacity of the CFE to implement large scale DSM projects, including additional high efficiency light bulb distribution projects in other parts of Mexico. Valuable experience will be gained from the successful marketing operations of the ILUMEX project as well as from the monitoring of emissions benefits and the participant and market surveys. H. Additional comments, if any, including any practical experience gained or technical difficulties, effects, impacts or other obstacles encountered All relevant issues have already been addressed. Fill in as appropriate: Any practical experience gained: Technical difficulties: Negative impacts or effects encountered: Whenever possible, quantitative information should be provided. Failing that. a qualitative description should be given. If quantitative information becomes available, it could be submitted using the update(s). (If the amount of quantitative information is too large, the source could be indicated.) Other obstacles encountered: Other: APPENDIX A SELECTED REPORTS AND STUDIES RELATED TO THE ILUMEX PROJECT Feasibility Study and Program Menu for the ILUMEX project. Prepared by the International Institute for Energy Conservation. December 1992. Executive Summary of the ILUMEX Project and Technical Annex prepared by the CFE. August 1993. Global Environmental Facility Project Document, United Mexican States and Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Publicos High Efficiency Lighting Project. March 1994 Reports on baseline marketing surveys to determine characteristics of residential market for high efficiency light bulbs. Results of surveys of compact fluorescent light bulb vendors in Guadalajara (December 1994) and Monterrey (March 1995). Prepared for the CFE. Report on surveys of participants one year after the beginning of the project. The surveys were conducted to collect data on the participants' use of the bulbs and determine their perceptions of the program. Monterrey (February 1996) and Guadalajara (April 1996). Prepared for the CFE. Report on the technical performance of the compact bulbs. Prepared for the CFE, June 1996. Results of metering of light bulbs in participants' homes to estimate the number of hours per day and time of day used. Metering was conducted in Monterrey in July and August 1996 and in Guadalajara in September 1996. Prepared for the CFE. Report to the Second Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on a Mexico High Efficiency Lighting Project. Submitted by the governments of Norway and Mexico. October 18, 1996 APPENDIX B: DATA AND METHODOLOGY USED TO ESTIMATE EMISSIONS BENEFITS
The emissions reductions of the project are estimated as follows: 1. The kilowatt hours of electricity not generated as a result of the replacement of 1.7 million incandescent bulbs with CFLs are estimated. This is based on the following parameter values: Number and type of bulbs installed by month An average bulb use of three hours per day (based on preliminary results of on-site metering of bulb use in participants' homes.) and 30 days per month. A bulb lifetime of 8,760 hours (12.4% less than the technical specifications of the compact fluorescent lights (CFLs)). An average savings of 50 watts per bulb (the difference between the average incandescent bulb wattage and the average wattage of the CFLs used as replacements). Transmission and other losses of 18% on the CFE system. 2. The kilowatt hours not generated are converted to emissions saved using: Standard emissions factors for each fuel type, expressed in tons per Tera Joule (see below). Fuel mix actually used at the Monterrey and Manzanillo plants in 1995 and 1996. The heat rate, or efficiency, of the plants.
Actual emissions reductions achieved and projections of future environmental benefits may be re-estimated again,
following a project evaluation to be carried out this year including an assessment of monitoring and emissions
estimation procedures.
EMISSIONS FACTORS (Tons/Tera-Joule)
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