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Status of Ratification of the Convention

 

The Convention was adopted at the United Nations Headquarters, New York on the 9 May 1992. In accordance with Article 20, it was open for signature at Rio de Janeiro from 4 to 14 June 1992, and thereafter at the United Nations Headquarters, New York, from 20 June 1992 to 19 June 1993. By that date, the Convention had received 166 signatures.

Pursuant to Article 22, the Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance, approval or accession by States and by regional economic integration organizations. States and regional economic integration organizations that have not signed the Convention may accede to it at any time.

The Convention entered into force on 21 March 1994, in accordance with Article 23, that is on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the fiftieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

Currently, there are 195 Parties (194 States and 1 regional economic integration organization) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

The list below contains the latest information concerning dates of signature and receipt of instruments of ratification by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as Depositary of the Convention. The dates in the third column are those of the receipt of the instrument of ratification, acceptance (A), approval (AA), accession (a), or succession (d). (For an explanation of these legal terms, visit the United Nations Treaty Collection Glossary of terms relating to Treaty actions).

 

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

 


New York, 9 May 1992

Entry into force: 21 March 1994, in accordance with article 23.

Registration: 21 March 1994, No. 30822.

Status: Signatories: 165. Parties: 195. (1)

Note: The Convention was agreed upon and adopted by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change, during its Fifth session, second part, held at New York from 30 April to 9 May 1992. In accordance with its article 20, the Convention was open for signature by States Members of the United Nations or of any of its specialized agencies or that are Parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice and by regional economic integration organizations, at Rio de Janeiro during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, from 4 to 14 June 1992, and remained thereafter open at the United Nations Headquarters in New York until 19 June 1993.
Participant Signature

Ratification
Acceptance (A)
Accession (a)
Approval (AA)
Succession (d)

Entry into force
AFGHANISTAN 12 Jun 1992 19 Sep 2002 18 Dec 2002
ALBANIA
  3 Oct 1994 a   1 Jan 1995
ALGERIA 13 Jun 1992   9 Jun 1993 21 Mar 1994
ANDORRA
  2 Mar 2011 a 31 May 2011
ANGOLA 14 Jun 1992 17 May 2000 15 Aug 2000
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA   4 Jun 1992   2 Feb 1993 21 Mar 1994
ARGENTINA 12 Jun 1992 11 Mar 1994   9 Jun 1994
ARMENIA 13 Jun 1992 14 May 1993 A 21 Mar 1994
AUSTRALIA   4 Jun 1992 30 Dec 1992 21 Mar 1994
AUSTRIA   8 Jun 1992 28 Feb 1994 29 May 1994
AZERBAIJAN 12 Jun 1992 16 May 1995 14 Aug 1995
BAHAMAS 12 Jun 1992 29 Mar 1994 27 Jun 1994
BAHRAIN   8 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 28 Mar 1995
BANGLADESH   9 Jun 1992 15 Apr 1994 14 Jul 1994
BARBADOS 12 Jun 1992 23 Mar 1994 21 Jun 1994
BELARUS 11 Jun 1992 11 May 2000 AA   9 Aug 2000
BELGIUM   4 Jun 1992 16 Jan 1996 15 Apr 1996
BELIZE 13 Jun 1992 31 Oct 1994 29 Jan 1995
BENIN 13 Jun 1992 30 Jun 1994 28 Sep 1994
BHUTAN 11 Jun 1992 25 Aug 1995 23 Nov 1995
BOLIVIA 10 Jun 1992 3 Oct 1994   1 Jan 1995
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
  7 Sep 2000 a   6 Dec 2000
BOTSWANA 12 Jun 1992 27 Jan 1994 27 Apr 1994
BRAZIL   4 Jun 1992 28 Feb 1994 29 May 1994
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
7 Aug 2007 a   5 Dec 2007
BULGARIA   5 Jun 1992 12 May 1995 10 Aug 1995
BURKINA FASO 12 Jun 1992   2 Sep 1993 21 Mar 1994
BURUNDI 11 Jun 1992   6 Jan 1997   7 Apr 1997
CAMBODIA
18 Dec 1995 a 17 Mar 1996
CAMEROON 14 Jun 1992 19 Oct 1994 17 Jan 1995
CANADA 12 Jun 1992 4 Dec 1992 21 Mar 1994
CAPE VERDE 12 Jun 1992 29 Mar 1995 27 Jun 1995
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 13 Jun 1992 10 Mar 1995   8 Jun 1996
CHAD 12 Jun 1992   7 Jun 1994   5 Sep 1994
CHILE 13 Jun 1992 22 Dec 1994 22 Mar 1995
CHINA (2) (3) 11 Jun 1992   5 Jan 1993 21 Mar 1994
COLOMBIA 13 Jun 1992 22 Mar 1995 20 Jun 1995
COMOROS 11 Jun 1992 31 Oct 1994 29 Jan 1995
CONGO 12 Jun 1992 14 Oct 1996 12 Jan 1997
COOK ISLANDS 12 Jun 1992 20 Apr 1993 21 Mar 1994
COSTA RICA 13 Jun 1992 26 Aug 1994 24 Nov 1994
COTE D'IVOIRE 10 Jun 1992 29 Nov 1994 27 Feb 1995
CROATIA 11 Jun 1992   8 Apr 1996 A   7 Jul 1996
CUBA 13 Jun 1992   5 Jan 1994   5 Apr 1994
CYPRUS 12 Jun 1992 15 Oct 1997 13 Jan 1998
CZECH REPUBLIC 18 Jun 1993   7 Oct 1993 AA 21 Mar 1994
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF KOREA 11 Jun 1992   5 Dec 1994 AA   5 Mar 1995
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 11 Jun 1992   9 Jan 1995   9 Apr 1995
DENMARK   9 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 21 Mar 1994
DJIBOUTI 12 Jun 1992 27 Aug 1995 25 Nov 1995
DOMINICA
21 Jun 1993 a 21 Mar 1994
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 12 Jun 1992   7 Oct 1998   5 Jan 1999
ECUADOR   9 Jun 1992 23 Feb 1993 21 Mar 1994
EGYPT   9 Jun 1992   5 Dec 1994   5 Mar 1995
EL SALVADOR 13 Jun 1992   4 Dec 1995   3 Mar 1996
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
16 Aug 2000 a 14 Nov 2000
ERITREA
24 Apr 1995 a 23 Jul 1995
ESTONIA 12 Jun 1992 27 Jul 1994 25 Oct. 1994
ETHIOPIA 10 Jun 1992   5 Apr 1994   4 Jul 1994
EUROPEAN UNION 13 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 AA 21 Mar 1994
FIJI   9 Jun 1992 25 Feb 1993 21 Mar 1994
FINLAND   4 Jun 1992 3 May 1994 A   1 Aug 1994
FRANCE 13 Jun 1992 25 Mar 1994 23 Jun 1994
GABON 12 Jun 1992 21 Jan 1998 21 Apr 1998
GAMBIA 12 Jun 1992 10 Jun 1994   8 Sep 1994
GEORGIA
29 Jul 1994 a 27 Oct 1994
GERMANY 12 Jun 1992   9 Dec 1993 21 Mar 1994
GHANA 12 Jun 1992   6 Sep 1995   5 Dec 1995
GREECE 12 Jun 1992   4 Aug 1994   2 Nov 1994
GRENADA   3 Dec 1992 11 Aug 1994   9 Nov 1994
GUATEMALA 13 Jun 1992 15 Dec 1995 14 Mar 1996
GUINEA 12 Jun 1992   7 May 1993 21 Mar 1994
GUINEA-BISSAU 12 Jun 1992 27 Oct 1995 25 Jan 1996
GUYANA 13 Jun 1992 29 Aug 1994 27 Nov 1994
HAITI 13 Jun 1992 25 Sep 1996 24 Dec 1996
HONDURAS 13 Jun 1992 19 Oct 1995 17 Jan 1996
HUNGARY 13 Jun 1992 24 Feb 1994 25 May 1994
ICELAND   4 Jun 1992 16 Jun 1993 21 Mar 1994
INDIA 10 Jun 1992   1 Nov 1993 21 Mar 1994
INDONESIA  5 Jun 1992 23 Aug 1994 21 Nov 1994
IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) 14 Jun 1992 18 Jul 1996 16 Oct 1996
IRAQ
28 Jul 2009 a 26 Oct 2009
IRELAND 13 Jun 1992 20 Apr 1994 19 Jul 1994
ISRAEL   4 Jun 1992   4 Jun 1996   2 Sep 1996
ITALY   5 Jun 1992 15 Apr 1994 14 Jul 1994
JAMAICA 12 Jun 1992   6 Jan 1995   6 Apr 1995
JAPAN 13 Jun 1992 28 May 1993 A 21 Mar 1994
JORDAN 11 Jun 1992 12 Nov 1993 21 Mar 1994
KAZAKHASTAN   8 Jun 1992 17 May 1995 15 Aug 1995
KENYA 12 Jun 1992 30 Aug 1994 28 Nov 1994
KIRIBATI 13 Jun 1992   7 Feb 1995   8 May 1995
KUWAIT
28 Dec 1994 a 28 Mar 1995
KYRGYZSTAN
25 May 2000 a 23 Aug 2000
LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
  4 Jan 1995 a   4 Apr 1995
LATVIA 11 Jun 1992 23 Mar 1995 21 Jun 1995
LEBANON 12 Jun 1992 15 Dec 1994 15 Mar 1995
LESOTHO 11 Jun 1992   7 Feb 1995   8 May 1995
LIBERIA 12 Jun 1992   5 Nov 2002   4 Feb 2002
LIBYA 29 Jun 1992 14 Jun 1999 12 Sep 1999
LIECHTENSTEIN   4 Jun 1992 22 Jun 1994 20 Sep 1994
LITHUANIA 11 Jun 1992 24 Mar 1995 22 Jun 1995
LUXEMBOURG   9 Jun 1992   9 May 1994   7 Aug 1994
MADAGASCAR 10 Jun 1992   2 Jun 1999 31 Aug 1999
MALAWI 10 Jun 1992 21 Apr 1994 20 Jul 1994
MALAYSIA   9 Jun 1993 13 Jul 1994 11 Oct 1994
MALDIVES 12 Jun 1992   9 Nov 1992 21 Mar 1994
MALI 30 Sep 1992 28 Dec 1994 28 Mar 1995
MALTA 12 Jun 1992 17 Mar 1994 15 Jun 1994
MARSHALL ISLANDS 12 Jun 1992   8 Oct 1992 21 Mar 1994
MAURITANIA 12 Jun 1992 20 Jan 1994 20 Apr 1994
MAURITIUS 10 Jun 1992   4 Sep 1992 21 Mar 1994
MEXICO 13 Jun 1992 11 Mar 1993 21 Mar 1994
MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF) 12 Jun 1992 18 Nov 1993 21 Mar 1994
MONACO 11 Jun 1992 20 Nov 1992 21 Mar 1994
MONGOLIA 12 Jun 1992 30 Sep 1993 21 Mar 1994
MONTENEGRO (4)
23 Oct 2006 d 21 Jan 2007
MOROCCO 13 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1995 27 Mar 1996
MOZAMBIQUE 12 Jun 1992 25 Aug 1995 23 Nov 1995
MYANMAR 11 Jun 1992 25 Nov 1994 23 Feb 1995
NAMIBIA 12 Jun 1992 16 May 1995 14 Aug 1995
NAURU   8 Jun 1992 11 Nov 1993 21 Mar 1994
NEPAL 12 Jun 1992 2 May 1994 31 Jul 1994
NETHERLANDS (5)   4 Jun 1992 20 Dec 1993 A 21 Mar 1994
NEW ZEALAND   4 Jun 1992 16 Sep 1993 21 Mar 1994
NICARAGUA 13 Jun 1992 31 Oct 1995 29 Jan 1996
NIGER 11 Jun 1992 25 Jul 1995 23 Oct 1995
NIGERIA 13 Jun 1992 29 Aug 1994 27 Nov 1994
NIUE
28 Feb 1996 a 28 May 1996
NORWAY   4 Jun 1992   9 Jul 1993 21 Mar 1994
OMAN 11 Jun 1992   8 Feb 1995   9 May 1995
PAKISTAN 13 Jun 1992   1 Jun 1994 30 Aug 1994
PALAU
10 Dec 1999 a   9 Mar 2000
PANAMA 18 Mar 1993 23 May 1995 21 Aug 1995
PAPUA NEW GUINEA 13 Jun 1992 16 Mar 1993 21 Mar 1994
PARAGUAY 12 Jun 1992 24 Feb 1994 25 May 1994
PERU 12 Jun 1992   7 Jun 1993 21 Mar 1994
PHILIPPINES 12 Jun 1992   2 Aug 1994 31 Oct 1994
POLAND   5 Jun 1992 28 Jul 1994 26 Oct 1994
PORTUGAL (3) 13 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 21 Mar 1994
QATAR
18 Apr 1996 a 17 Jul 1996
REPUBLIC OF KOREA 13 Jun 1992 14 Dec 1993 21 Mar 1994
REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 12 Jun 1992   9 Jun 1995   7 Sep 1995
ROMANIA   5 Jun 1992   8 Jun 1994 6 Sep 1994
RUSSIAN FEDERATION 13 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 28 Mar 1995
RWANDA 10 Jun 1992 18 Aug 1998 16 Nov 1998
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS 12 Jun 1992   7 Jan 1993 21 Mar 1994
SAINT LUCIA 14 Jun 1993 14 Jun 1993 21 Mar 1994
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
  2 Dec 1996 a   2 Mar 1997
SAMOA 12 Jun 1992 29 Nov 1994 27 Feb 1995
SAN MARINO 10 Jun 1992 28 Oct 1994 26 Jan 1995
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE 12 Jun 1992 29 Sep 1999 28 Dec 1999
SAUDI ARABIA
28 Dec 1994 a 28 Mar 1995
SENEGAL 13 Jun 1992 17 Oct 1994 15 Jan 1995
SERBIA
12 Mar 2001 a 10 Jun 2001
SEYCHELLES 10 Jun 1992 22 Sep 1992 21 Mar 1994
SIERRA LEONE 11 Feb 1993 22 Jun 1995 20 Sep 1995
SINGAPORE 13 Jun 1992 29 May 1997 27 Aug 1997
SLOVAKIA 19 May 1993 25 Aug 1994 AA 23 Nov 1994
SLOVENIA 13 Jun 1992   1 Dec 1995 29 Feb 1996
SOLOMON ISLANDS 13 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 28 Mar 1995
SOMALIA
11 Sep 2009 a 10 Dec 2009
SOUTH AFRICA 15 Jun 1993 29 Aug 1997 27 Nov 1997
SPAIN 13 Jun 1992 21 Dec 1993 21 Mar 1994
SRI LANKA 10 Jun 1992 23 Nov 1993 21 Mar 1994
SUDAN   9 Jun 1992 19 Nov 1993 21 Mar 1994
SURINAME 13 Jun 1992 14 Oct 1997 12 Jan 1998
SWAZILAND 12 Jun 1992   7 Oct 1996   5 Jan 1997
SWEDEN   8 Jun 1992 23 Jun 1993 21 Mar 1994
SWITZERLAND 12 Jun 1992 10 Dec 1993 21 Mar 1994
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
  4 Jan 1996 a   3 Apr 1996
TAJIKISTAN
  7 Jan 1998 a   7 Apr 1998
THAILAND 12 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 28 Mar 1995
THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
28 Jan 1998 a 28 Apr 1998
TIMOR-LESTE
10 Oct 2006 a   8 Jan 2007
TOGO 12 June 1992
   8 Mar 1995 A   6 Jun 1995
TONGA
20 Jul 1998 a 18 Oct 1998
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 11 Jun 1992 24 Jun 1994 22 Sep 1994
TUNISIA 13 Jun 1992 15 Jul 1993 21 Mar 1994
TURKEY
24 Feb 2004 a 24 May 2004
TURKMENISTAN
  5 Jun 1995 a   3 Sep 1995
TUVALU 08 Jun 1992 26 Oct 1993 21 Mar 1994
UGANDA 13 Jun 1992   8 Sep 1993 21 Mar 1994
UKRAINE 11 Jun 1992 13 May 1997 11 Aug 1997
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
29 Dec 1995 a 28 Mar 1996
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND (6) (7) 12 Jun 1992   8 Dec 1993 21 Mar 1996
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA 12 Jun 1992 17 Apr 1996 16 Jul 1997
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 12 Jun 1992 15 Oct 1992 21 Mar 1994
URUGUAY 4 Jun 1992 18 Aug 1994 16 Nov 1994
UZBEKISTAN --- 20 Jun 1993 a 21 Mar 1994
VANUATU 9 Jun 1992 25 Mar 1993 21 Mar 1994
VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF) 12 Jun 1992 28 Dec 1994 28 Mar 1995
VIET NAM 11 Jun 1992 16 Nov 1994 14 Feb 1995
YEMEN 12 Jun 1992 21 Feb 1996 21 May 1996
ZAMBIA 11 Jun 1992 28 May 1993 21 Mar 1994
ZIMBABWE 12 Jun 1992 3 Nov 1992 21 Mar 1994

Notifications made under article 4 (2) (g) (8)

Participant and date of receipt of the notification:

Czech Republic..................................27 Nov 1995
Kazakhstan ........................................23 Mar 2000
Monaco................................................20 Nov 1992
Slovakia ..............................................23 Feb 1996
Slovenia ..............................................  9 Jun 1998


End Note:

(1) For the purpose of entry into force of the [Convention/Protocol], any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of that Organization.

(2) By a communication received on 8 April 2003, the Government of the Government of the People’s Republic of China notified the Secretary-General of the following:
"In accordance with the provisions of Article 153 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China of 1990, the Government of the People's Republic of China decides that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change continues to be implemented in the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change shall not apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China until the Government of China notifies otherwise."

(3) On 28 June 1999, the Government of Portugal informed the Secretary-General the the Convention would also apply to Macao. Subsequently, the Secretary-General received communications concerning the status of Macao from Portugal and China (see note 1 under “Portugal” and note 3 under “China” in the “Historical Information” section in the front matter of thisvolume.) Upon resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Macao, China notified the Secretary-General that the Convention will also apply to the Macao Special Administrative Region.

(4) See note 1 under "Montenegro" in the "Historical Information" section in the front matter of this volume.

(5) For the Kingdom in Europe.

(6) In respect of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Isle of Man. On 4 April 2006: in respect of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. On 2 January 2007: in respect of Gibraltar. On 7 March 2007: in respect of Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

(7) By a communication received on 27 March 2007, the Government of Argentina notified the Secretary-General of the following:

The Argentine Republic objects to the extension of the territorial application to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 9 May 1992 with respect to the Malvinas Islands, which was notified by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the Depositary of the Convention on 7 March 2007. The Argentine Republic reaffirms its sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands, the South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands and the surrounding maritime spaces, which are an integral part of its national territory, and recalls that the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted resolutions 2065 (XX), 3160 (XXVIII), 31/49, 37/9, 38/12, 39/6, 40/21, 41/40, 42/19 and 43/25, which recognize the existence of a dispute over sovereignty and request the Governments of the Argentine Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to initiate negotiations with a view to finding the means to resolve peacefully and definitively the pending problems between both countries, including all aspects on the future of the Malvinas Islands, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations.

(8) States having, in accordance with article 4 (2)(g), notified the Secretary-General of their intention to be bound by article 4(2)(a) and (b) of the Convention.
 
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