This note provides a summary of the first workshop held under the Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, which focussed on climate-related risks and extreme events. The workshop was held in Cairo, Egypt, from 18 to 20 June 2007. Discussions focused on experience with assessment, prediction and management of climate-related risks and impacts, including those related to extreme events, in the agriculture and food security, coastal zones and health sectors. Discussions were also held on the contribution of traditional knowledge to understanding and managing climate-related risks and the implications for sustainable development. This note includes a summary of gaps, needs, opportunities barriers and constraints as well as a summary of recommendations and issues for follow-up and further consideration, including possible next steps under the Nairobi work programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change.