Investor/sponsor country

Australia

Germany

Netherlands

Norway

United States

Total number of projects

2

7

6

2

15

Host countries

South Pacific region

Czech Republic, Indonesia, Jordan,

Latvia, Portugal,

Russian Federation

Bhutan, Czech Republic,Ecuador, Hungary, Uganda

Mexico, Poland

Belize, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Russian Federation

Project type

Energy efficiency

1^a

2 (1^a*, 1^c)

1^b

1^b

Fuel switching

2 (1^a, 1^d)

1^b

1^b,e

1^a

Resource exploitation

fugitives

1^a

Renewables

1^a

3 (2^a, 1^b)

1^a

7 (6^a 1^b)

Afforestation

2^b

2 (1^a 1^b)

Reforestation/restoration/

preservation

1^b

4 (1^a 3^b)

Gases concerned

CO₂

CO₂

CO₂, precursors

CO₂, precursors

CO₂, CH₄, precursors

Reporting criterion

Australia

Canada

Germany

Netherlands^b

Norway

United States

Report received from host country, or joint report received

no

no projects reported

no

joint report received with Hungary, draft reports submitted to host governments for prior approval^c

no, but agreement with report received from one host country

no

Type of project reported

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

Identification of all actors involved

no

limited information

yes

yes

yes

Institutional arrangements described

no

no

limited

yes

yes

Actual costs described

no

no

partial

extensively

yes - but not verified by reporting Party

Technical data provided

minimal

basic

extensive

extensive

extensive

Long-term project viability discussed

no

no

yes

economic viability discussed, emissions longevity not discussed

yes

Project location reported

on regional, not country, level

yes

yes

yes

yes

Project lifetime reported

no

no

yes

not for all projects

yes

Mutually agreed upon project assessment procedures discussed

no

no

no

yes

yes

Governmental acceptance, approval, or endorsement of project reported

no

no

yes

yes

yes

Discussion of consistency with development, socio-economic, environmental priorities

no

no

yes

yes

yes

Benefits derived from project discussed including emissions reduction additionality

minimal

limited

extensive

extensive

extensive

Calculation of contribution of project provided

no

total reduction estimate only

methods and calculations provided in detail

methods and calculations provided in detail

methods and calculations provided in detail

Financial additionality of projects discussed

no

no

yes

yes

yes

Contribution of projects to capacity building and technology transfer discussed

no

no

yes

yes

yes

Project criterion

Australia

Canada

Germany

Netherlands

Norway^a

United States

Berlin decision criteria:

AIJ should bring about real, measurable and long-term environmental benefits related to the mitigation of climate change that would not have occurred in the absence of such activities

project should involve specific measures to reduce net GHGs initiated as a result of AIJ

activities must result in measurable reductions of net GHG emissions

AIJ must result in actual, measurable and lasting environmental benefits related to the reduction of climate change

minimum annual sequestration requirements for forests

project reports deal with the real, measurable nature of benefits, as well as additionality, long-term benefits are not clearly evaluated

yes

Financing of AIJ shall be additional to financial obligations of Annex II Parties within the framework of the financial mechanism and regular ODA flows

must be additional to ODA and other sources under UNFCCC

activities should be financed outside existing ODA

in addition to commitments within FCCC framework and to current public developmental assistance

additional to GEF as well as current ODA

project reports deal with additionality, AIJ funding is an incremental portion of otherwise funded projects

must be additional to: GEF, multilateral development bank, ODA, or in excess of U.S. federal funding level in 1993

AIJ should contribute to cost-effectiveness in achieving global benefits

yes, for forestry projects

encourage the development of cost-effective projects

AIJ should be compatible with and supportive of national environment and development priorities and strategies

host country Government must accept project as consistent with national priorities

must be reconcilable with relevant national environmental and developmental policy priorities

must be compatible with and supportive of national environment and development priorities

discussed for each reported project

should support development goals of host country

AIJ require prior acceptance, endorsement, or approval by the Governments of the Parties participating in these activities

yes

yes

yes

yes

obtained and discussed for each reported project

yes

No credits shall accrue to any Party as a result of greenhouse gases reduced or sequestered during the pilot phase

no emission reduction credits can be claimed by the country of an investing entity against its domestic stabilization commitment to the year 2000

during the pilot phase, parties are not permitted to credit emissions reductions achieved

will not use AIJ for its present commitments under the FCCC

there are no credits to be accrued during the pilot phase

----

(continued overleaf)

Project criterion

Australia

Canada

Germany

Netherlands

Norway

United States

Additional criteria added by Parties:

Project was initiated specifically for AIJ purposes

project should involve specific measures initiated as a result of AIJ

projects should be economically sound and would not have been set up without additional AIJ funding

the scope of the project must be enlarged due to AIJ investments

technology or practice must not have been introduced in the region without AIJ, or else only incremental reductions are counted

Project contract required for private sector projects

yes

Emission reductions are required to be verifiable, including baseline calculations

yes

measurable reductions required

actual and measurable benefits required

yes

extensive discussion for each reported project

verification plan and independent third party replicability required

Emissions monitoring programme required

a high degree of transparency should exist

yes

detailed programme for each reported project

monitoring plan required

Emission reductions are required to be sustainable

lasting benefits required

yes

yes

Periodic reassessment of emission reduction estimates

explicit requirement

addressed through monitoring programme

addressed through monitoring programme

explicit requirement

Analysis of other environmental impacts required

need to account for impacts

projects should lead to clear beneficial local environmental impacts

analysis provided for each reported project

impacts should be identified

Analysis of social impacts required

need to account for impacts

project must contribute to the socio-economic position of the local population

impacts are considered

Project must be consistent with sustainable development principles

yes

projects require sustainable forestry and energy policies

Project should include a training component in host country

yes

Regular reporting required

reporting required, no interval specified

periodically, annual AIJ report to the Parliament

included in project evaluation plans

annually

Programme element

Australia

Canada

Germany

Netherlands

Norway

United States

Process for registration and certification of AIJ projects

voluntary registration process

registration process, and companies may use certified reductions as part of future agreements with government, as well as tax incentives

no private sector projects

groundrules and criteria for AIJ promulgated, no emission reduction certification in prospect

Formal Government support for AIJ

government takes on the role of facilitator and promoter of the concept of AIJ

special budget of US$48,988,800 between 1996-1999 for AIJ in Central and Eastern Europe and developing countries

1995 report to Parliament concludes that AIJ will be given priority as an important supplement to domestic measures

a key feature is the use of a voluntary, market-based approach to facilitate partnerships

Government entities involved

Bureau of Industry Economics

interdepartmental steering committee of federal departments, Canadian Joint Implementation Initiative Office

Ministry of Environment, CO2 Reduction Interministerial Working Group, Joint Implementation Coordinating Office

Cabinet, Ministries of Environment, Economic Affairs, Foreign Affairs

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs

Environment Protection Agency, Agency for International Development, Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Energy, Interior, State, Treasury

Emphasis on reduction technologies

energy efficiency and the use of renewables

enhancing energy efficiency in supply, demand, and production, exploiting potential of renewable energy

strive for a broad range of projects, including geographic distribution, types of technology, and different GHGs

promote a broad range of projects with a view to maximum learning value

promote a broad range of projects

Emphasis on sink creation

yes, but main focus should be on reduction measures

several projects to date are in this sector

promote a broad range of projects

promote a broad range of projects

Dual accounting system to keep AIJ reductions separate from domestic reductions

separate reporting to parliament on AIJ and domestic reductions

(continued overleaf)

Programme element

Australia

Canada

Germany

Netherlands

Norway

United States

Role of private sector

broad participation by private sector encouraged as a complement to domestic actions

discussions between Government and all industrial sectors to initiate AIJ projects

private sector invited into pilot phase, programme includes incentives to encourage private sector participation

private sector involvement may provide further resources, experience, and enlarge leverage effect of AIJ

private sector investment and innovation encouraged

Outreach efforts

newspaper advertisement soliciting project proposals

Climate Change Voluntary Challenge and Registry Program, workshops

descriptive brochure

Joint Implementation Quarterly, funding conferences and workshops, set up JI Service Centre

workshops with potential host countries, sponsoring conferences

bilateral and multilateral statements of intent on AIJ, sponsoring workshops, conferences, fax information service, International Partnerships Report newsletter, JI online website

Development of JI protocol suggested

yes

Credits proposed after 2000 for projects begun during pilot phase

yes

yes

Programme linked explicitly to AGBM process

in favour of using JI for realizing future commitments