"What role of local voluntary carbon market, especially at city-scale?"

"A critical feature in having all the long-, medium-term, and current climate finance actually be effective and build trust on both sides of the contributor/recipient line is building an independent system of categorizing and tracking these funds. These are core elements in an MRV of finance. On categorization, we need clear criteria of what _counts_ for each category (mitigation, adaptation, land-use/REDD+). On tracking, we first need transparency of what is being counted by contributor nations and multilateral agencies. Most basically, we need to know which projects and programs are being counted as climate finance by these agencies, at the project level. There is very grave evidence of miscategorization of projects under the OECD Rio Markers system, of projects which should not have been be counted. [Note that these projects are categorized by contributor agencies, not the OECD.] These need to be independently checked, by some group delegated by the Convention. Second, we need a system to track the funds all the way from the contributor agency to recipient government, and to implementing agencies, from the planning stages to the end of implementation of each project. All this is possible now with web-based technology which has been developed for other sectors of foreign assistance. These systems will be critical in maintaining the confidence that will keep climate finance coming for the rest of this decade and beyond. So the question is, can these systems of categorization and tracking of climate finance be set up now, under the authority of the UNFCCC, based on Fast-Start experience?"

"There has been a lot of focus on attracting the private sector finance, with detailed discussion, but there has been no in-depth discussion of how we are going to scale up public sources between 2013-2020. - Public finance needs are huge, and 100billion dollar commitment should be public, even if part of that is used for leveraging more private finance. Developed countries don't seem to agree. What do they then think will be the ballpark share of public finance of the 100bn? Are they jumping ship on the commitment?"

Questions for Prof. Sachs have been forwarded to him. You can find them here.

"Please see the attachment for our questions for each day of the workshop.

Thank you for the opportunity to contribute,

The RTCC.org team"