NEGOTIATIONS
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PROCESS
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Compendium on methods and tools to evaluate impacts of, and vulnerability and adaptation to, climate
change
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ORCHIDEE Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
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Description
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The ORCHIDEE dynamic global vegetation model represents the land surface features of the IPSL
coupled atmosphere-ocean-vegetation model. ORCHIDEE has been developed using first order
ecophysiological principles to represent both natural ecosystem and managed land carbon,
water, and energy dynamics across multiple spatial (site to globe) and temporal (sub-daily to
centennial) scales.
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Appropriate Use
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To quantify component and net fluxes of the carbon cycle (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration,
net primary production, net ecosystem production), water cycle (e.g., transpiration,
evaporation, soil moisture, runoff), and energy cycle (e.g., latent and sensible heat fluxes,
albedo). Carbon stocks and vegetation distribution, and features of managed ecosystems (forest
management, agriculture, and grazing) and disturbance (fire regimes and fire emissions) are
also quantified.
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Scope
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Local scale (km) to global scale (0.5 degree) depending on the spatial resolution of input
data.
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Key Output
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Carbon, water and energy fluxes with sub-daily (30 minute) to annual frequency are main outputs
from the model. In addition, vegetation distribution (using the plant functional type approach)
and carbon stocks (partitioned into above and belowground pools, and foliage, sapwood, and
heartwood) are also simulated.
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Key Input
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To run ORCHIDEE, sub-daily to monthly climate inputs for short and longwave radiation,
precipitation (including snow), air temperature, humidity, and surface air pressure are
required, as well as atmospheric CO2 concentration and soil texture and depth.
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Ease of Use
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Expert user.
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Training Required
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Expertise in numerical ecosystem modelling and vegetation dynamics.
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Training Available
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Training is provided at the University level for Masters, PhD students and Post-Doctoral
researchers.
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Computer Requirements
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Linux cluster.
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Documentation
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Bellassen, V., N. Viovy, S. Luyssaert, G. Le Maire, M. J. Schelhaas, and P. Ciais. 2011.
Reconstruction and attribution of the carbon sink of European forests between 1950 and 2000.
Global Change Biology:doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02476.x.
Ciais, P., M. Reichstein, N. Viovy, A. Granier, J. Ogee, V. Allard, V. Aubinet, N. Buchmann,
C. Bernhofer, A. Carrara, F. Chevallier, N. de Noblet, A. D. Friend, P. Friedlingstein, T.
Grunwald, B. Heinesh, P. Keronen, A. Knohl, G. Krinner, D. Loustau, G. Manca, G. Matteucci,
F. Miglietta, J. M. Ourcival, D. Papale, K. Pilegaard, S. Rambal, G. Seufert, J. F. Soussana,
M. J. Sanz, E. D. Schulze, T. Vesala, and R. Valentini. 2003. Europe-wide reduction in
primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature
437:doi:10.1038/nature03972.
Krinner, G., N. Viovy, N. de Noblet-Ducoudré, J. Ogeé, J. Polcher, P.
Friedlingstein, P. Ciais, S. Sitch, and I. C. Prentice. 2005. A dynamic global vegetation
model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system. Global Biogeochemical Cycles
19:GB1015, doi:1010.1029/2003GB002199.
Piao, S., P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, N. de Noblet-Ducoudre, P. Cadule, N. Viovy, and T.
Wang. 2009. Spatiotemporal patterns of terrestrial carbon cycle during the 20th century.
Global Biogeochemical Cycles 23:doi:10.1029/2008GB003339.
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Applications
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ORCHIDEE is frequently used to quantifying the dynamics of the carbon and water cycle to
climate variability and change at site, continental and global scales. Within the
biogeochemical framework of ORCHIDEE, fire, forest management and agriculture modules
(including pasture and grazing) have been developed to evaluate the impact of human activities
on biogeochemical cycling.
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Contacts for Framework, Documentation, Technical Assistance
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Dr. Philippe peylin, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et
l'Environnement (LSCE)
philippe.peylin@lsce.ipsl.fr
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Cost
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Not identified
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References
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Ciais, P., M. Reichstein, N. Viovy, A. Granier, J. Ogee, V. Allard, V. Aubinet, N. Buchmann,
C. Bernhofer, A. Carrara, F. Chevallier, N. de Noblet, A. D. Friend, P. Friedlingstein, T.
Grunwald, B. Heinesh, P. Keronen, A. Knohl, G. Krinner, D. Loustau, G. Manca, G. Matteucci,
F. Miglietta, J. M. Ourcival, D. Papale, K. Pilegaard, S. Rambal, G. Seufert, J. F. Soussana,
M. J. Sanz, E. D. Schulze, T. Vesala, and R. Valentini. 2003. Europe-wide reduction in
primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature
437:doi:10.1038/nature03972.
Krinner, G., N. Viovy, N. de Noblet-Ducoudré, J. Ogeé, J. Polcher, P.
Friedlingstein, P. Ciais, S. Sitch, and I. C. Prentice. 2005. A dynamic global vegetation
model for studies of the coupled atmosphere-biosphere system. Global Biogeochemical Cycles
19:GB1015, doi:1010.1029/2003GB002199.
Piao, S., P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, N. de Noblet-Ducoudre, P. Cadule, N. Viovy, and T.
Wang. 2009. Spatiotemporal patterns of terrestrial carbon cycle during the 20th century.
Global Biogeochemical Cycles 23:doi:10.1029/2008GB003339.
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