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Compendium on methods and tools to evaluate impacts of, and vulnerability and adaptation to, climate
change
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IBIS (Integrated BIosphere Simulator)
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Description
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IBIS performs integrated assessments of water balance, carbon balance, and vegetation structure on
both global and regional scales based on an integrated modeling approach that explicitly represents
competition between plant functional types (competition for light and water) and characterizes
their responses to global change drivers (land use changes, climate variability and change,
atmospheric CO2).
IBIS is designed around a hierarchical conceptual framework, and includes several submodels (or
“modules”) that are organized with respect to their characteristic temporal scale: land
surface processes (energy, water, carbon and momentum balance); soil biogoechemistry (carbon and
nitrogen cycling from plant through soil); vegetation dynamics (plant competition for light, water,
and eventually nutrients); vegetation phenology (based on a growing degree day approach); and
atmospheric coupling (IBIS is now directly coupled to GENESIS and CCM3 GCMs).
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Appropriate Use
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IBIS represents a wide range of ecosystem and land surface processes in a single, physically
consistent framework. In this way, IBIS can simulate the dynamic behavior of land surface and
ecosystem processes, and their consequences for vegetation composition and structure.
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Scope
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Global; spatial: 0.5°, 1.0°, 2.0° and 4.0°; temporal: hourly.
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Key Output
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GPP, above and belowground NPP, NEP, fine root and heterotrophic respiration, nitrogen
mineralization, latent, sensible heat, aet, evaporation, transpiration, snow temperature, extension
and depth. Carbon and nitrogen: (a) vegetation: fine roots, leaves, and wood for upper canopy (trees)
and fine roots and leaves for lower canopy (shrubs and grasses); (b) litter: above and belowground
(fine root) separated in 3 distinct pools (decomposable, structural and resistant); (c) soil organic
matter: microbial biomass, protected and unprotected “slow” C pools, and passive C pool.
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Key Input
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Climatic, site, vegetation, soils and resolution (e.g., daily, monthly).
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Ease of Use
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Expert ecosystem vegetation scientist
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Training Required
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Yes
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Training Available
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No formal training offered
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Computer Requirements
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High performance cluster
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Documentation
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Applications Global climate impacts http://www.sage.wisc.edu/download/IBIS/ibis.html
and http://gaim.unh.edu/Structure/Intercomparison/EMDI/models/ibis.html.
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Applications
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Global climate impacts
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Contacts for Framework, Documentation, Technical Assistance
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Jonathan Andrew Foley
Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), Institute for Environmental Studies,
University of Wisconsin, 1225 West Dayton Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA; Tel: 608.265.9119;
Fax: 608.265.4113; e-mail: jfoley@facstaff.wisc.edu.
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Cost
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Not provided
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References
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Foley, J.A., I.C. Prentice, N. Ramunkutty, S. Levis, D. Pollard, S. Sitch, and A. Haxeltine. 1996.
An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes, terrestrial carbon balance and vegetation
dynamics. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 10:603-628.
Delire, C. and J.A. Foley. 1999. Evaluating the performance of a land surface/ecosystem model with
biophysical measurements from contrasting environments. Journal of Geophysical Research
(Atmospheres) 104(D14):16:895-16,909.
Kucharik, C.J., J.A. Foley, C. Delire, V.A. Fisher, M.T. Coe, J. Lenters, C. Young-Molling, N.
Ramankutty, J.M. Norman, and S.T. Gower. 2000. Testing the performance of a dynamic global
ecosystem model: Water balance, carbon balance and vegetation structure. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles 14(3):795-825.
Wang, G., E.A.B. Eltahir, J.A. Foley, D. Pollard and S. Levis. 2004. Decadal variability of
rainfall in the Sahel: results from the coupled GENESIS-IBIS atmosphere-biosphere model. Climate
Dynamics 22(6-7):625-637.
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